task-based learning

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1、TASK-BASEDLEARNINGEmphasisandAimThetask-basedapproachtolanguagelearningplacesemphasisonlearningtocommunicatethroughpurposefulinteractioninthetargetlanguage.Learnerindependenceandtheirpositiveattitudetowardslanguagelearningarealsoessentialtomakelanguag

2、elearningsuccessful.Thetask-basedapproachaimsatprovidingopportunitiesforlearnerstoexperimentwithandexplorebothspokenandwrittenlanguagethroughtaskswhicharedesignedtoengagelearnersintheauthentic,practicalandfunctionaluseoflanguageformeaningfulpurposes.T

3、heuseoftaskswillalsogiveaclearandpurposefulcontextfortheteachingandlearningofgrammarandotherlanguagefeaturesaswellasskills.Suchlanguagefocuscomponentsinturnenablelearnerstoconstructtheirknowledgeoflanguagestructuresandfunctions.TasksandExercisesTasksa

4、reactivitiesinwhichlearnersarerequiredtodrawtogetherandextendarangeofelementsintheirframeworkofknowledgeandskills.Theyarecharacterizedbyanemphasisonactivity,participation,flexibledifferentiation,andcommunicationamongparticipantsthroughavarietyofmodesa

5、ndmedia.Everylearningtaskshouldhavefivefeatures:1. Ataskshouldhaveapurpose.ItinvolveslearnersinusinglanguageforthekindsofpurposesthataredescribedinthechapteronLearningTargetsandObjectivesprovidedintheCDCSyllabusforEnglishLanguage(S1-5)1999.2. Atasksho

6、uldhaveacontextfromwhichthepurposeforusinglanguageemerges.3. Ataskshouldinvolvelearnersinamodeofthinkinganddoing.4. Ataskshouldleadtowardsaproduct.5. Ataskshouldrequirethelearnerstodrawupontheirframeworkofknowledgeandskills.Inordertolearnsuccessfully,

7、learnersneedajudiciouscombinationoftasksandsupportingexercisesinwhichtheyfocusuponandpractisespecificelementsofknowledge,skillsandstrategiesneededforthetask.Exercisesdonotusuallycontainthefivefeaturesofalearningtask.Theyaregoodpreparationforthecomplet

8、ionoftasksandarebestcarriedoutinthecontextofatask.Theyshouldbesequencedsystematicallyandintegratedwitheachothertohelpthelearnerstocompleteatask.Modules,UnitsandTasksInorganizingteachingandlearning,theconceptsofModules,UnitsandTasksareapplied.A