English Speaking a task-based approach

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1、BridgingCultures跨文化口语教程EnglishSpeaking:atask-basedapproachWhyBridgingCultures?Students’needs-aglobalizedjobmarketInternationalizedstudiesSurvivalskillsCross-culturalcommunication(moreandmorelaowaiinChina)Whatwecanofferthem?Fromcommunicativeconfidencetocommunicativecompetence

2、BridgingCultures(ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,2005)Inspiredbyreal-lifeexperienceCommunicativeconfidenceCommunicationincontextAnimportantpartoffosteringinternationalizedtalentAwarenessofotherculturesUnderstandingofone’sowncultureWhytask-based?Tocreateaneffectivelea

3、rningenvironmentintheclassroom,weneedtoprovidethreeessentialconditions:theprovisionofexposuretothetargetlanguage;theprovisionofopportunitiesforlearnerstousethetargetlanguageforrealcommunication;andthepromotionofmotivationforlearnerstoengageinthelearningprocess.(Willis,1996)D

4、efiningtasksEllis(2003)Ataskisaworkplanthatrequireslearnerstoprocesslanguagepragmaticallyinordertoachieveanoutcomethatcanbeevaluatedintermsofthecorrectorappropriatecontentthathasbeenconveyed.Tothisend,itrequiresthemtogiveprimaryattentiontomeaningandtomakeuseoftheirownlinguis

5、ticresources…Ataskisintendedtoresultinlanguageusethatbearssomeresemblance,directorindirect,tothewaylanguageisusedintherealworld.Likeotherlanguageactivities,ataskcanengageproductiveorreceptive,andoralorwrittenskills,andalsovariouscognitiveprocesses.Principlesofatask-basedappr

6、oachFormandmeaning形式和意义结合原则Authenticity真实性原则Recycling循环性原则Taskdependency任务依赖原则Learningbydoing在做中学原则Scaffolding扶助性原则DifferencebetweentasksandexercisesWhatdistinguishesataskfromanexerciseisthekindofmeaninginvolved.Whereasataskisconcernedwith‘pragmaticmeaning’,i.e.theuseoflangu

7、ageincontext,anexerciseisconcernedwith‘semanticmeaning’,i.e.thesystemicmeaningsthatspecificformscanconveyirrespectiveofcontext.Thus,a‘task’requirestheparticipantstofunctionprimarilyas‘languageusers’inthesensethattheymustemploythesamekindsofcommunicativeprocessesasthoseinvolv

8、edinreal-worldactivities.(Ellis,2003)Differencesbetween“exercise”and“task”(