english speaking a task-based approach

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1、BridgingCultures跨文化口语教程EnglishSpeaking:atask-basedapproachWhyBridgingCultures?Students’needs-aglobalizedjobmarketInternationalizedstudiesSurvivalskillsCross-culturalcommunication(moreandmorelaowaiinChina)Whatwecanofferthem?Fromcommunicativeconfidencetocommunicativecompete

2、nceBridgingCultures(ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,2005)Inspiredbyreal-lifeexperienceCommunicativeconfidenceCommunicationincontextAnimportantpartoffosteringinternationalizedtalentAwarenessofotherculturesUnderstandingofone’sowncultureWhytask-based?Tocreateaneffect

3、ivelearningenvironmentintheclassroom,weneedtoprovidethreeessentialconditions:theprovisionofexposuretothetargetlanguage;theprovisionofopportunitiesforlearnerstousethetargetlanguageforrealcommunication;andthepromotionofmotivationforlearnerstoengageinthelearningprocess.(Will

4、is,1996)DefiningtasksEllis(2003)Ataskisaworkplanthatrequireslearnerstoprocesslanguagepragmaticallyinordertoachieveanoutcomethatcanbeevaluatedintermsofthecorrectorappropriatecontentthathasbeenconveyed.Tothisend,itrequiresthemtogiveprimaryattentiontomeaningandtomakeuseofthe

5、irownlinguisticresources…Ataskisintendedtoresultinlanguageusethatbearssomeresemblance,directorindirect,tothewaylanguageisusedintherealworld.Likeotherlanguageactivities,ataskcanengageproductiveorreceptive,andoralorwrittenskills,andalsovariouscognitiveprocesses.Principlesof

6、atask-basedapproachFormandmeaning形式和意义结合原则Authenticity真实性原则Recycling循环性原则Taskdependency任务依赖原则Learningbydoing在做中学原则Scaffolding扶助性原则DifferencebetweentasksandexercisesWhatdistinguishesataskfromanexerciseisthekindofmeaninginvolved.Whereasataskisconcernedwith‘pragmaticmeaning’

7、,i.e.theuseoflanguageincontext,anexerciseisconcernedwith‘semanticmeaning’,i.e.thesystemicmeaningsthatspecificformscanconveyirrespectiveofcontext.Thus,a‘task’requirestheparticipantstofunctionprimarilyas‘languageusers’inthesensethattheymustemploythesamekindsofcommunicativep

8、rocessesasthoseinvolvedinreal-worldactivities.(Ellis,2003)Differencesbetween“exercise”and“task”(