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1、-经济学人官方双语汇总（1~5月）科技向3D打印技术AdditivemanufacturingAprintedsmile3Dprintingiscomingofageasamanufacturingtechnique增材制造打印的笑容3D打印制造技术已渐成熟ASETofstraightandgleamingteethmakesforabeautifulsmile.Buthowmanypeoplewhohaveundergonealittledentalmaintenanceknowthattheymayhaveinsidethei
2、rmouthssomeofthefirstproductsofanewindustrialrevolution?Tensofmillionsofdentalcrowns,bridgesandorthodonticbraceshavenowbeenproducedwiththehelpofadditivemanufacturing,popularlyknownas3Dprinting.Forgettheideaofhobbyistsprintingoffsmallplastictrinketsathome.Industrial3Dp
3、rinters,whichcancostupto$1m,arechangingmanufacturing.一口整齐而闪亮的牙齿会让您的笑容更加美丽。但又有多少做过牙科治疗的人知道，新工业革命带来的第一批产品就在自己口中呢？如今，数以千万计的牙冠、牙桥和牙箍都是依靠增材制造，也就是俗称的3D打印生产出来的。别再觉得--它只是爱好者在家里打印几个小塑料玩意了。价格可高达百万美金的工业3D打印机正在改变着制造业。Thebusinessofdenturesshowshow.Forthemetalbitsinfalseteeth,denti
4、stshavelongrelieduponaprocesscalled“investmentcasting”.Thisinvolvescreatinganindividualmodelofaperson’stooth,ofteninwax,enclosingitinaceramiccasing,meltingoutthewaxandthenpouringmoltenmetalintothecavityleftbehind.Whenthecastissplitopen,thenewmetaltoothisremoved.Itisfi
5、ddly,labour-intensiveandnotalwaysaccurate;thenagainthecastingmethodissome5,000yearsold.牙科行业就是一个明证。对于假牙中的金属件，牙医们长期以来都依靠一种名为“熔模铸造”的工艺。它要先做出患者的牙齿模型（一般是蜡制），封上陶瓷，再把蜡熔化后倒出，在其留下的空腔中注入熔融的金属。最后打开铸模，拿出新的金属牙齿。整个过程十分繁琐，相当辛苦而且并不总是很准确。再说，铸造法已经有5000年的历史了。Thingsaredonedifferentlyatan
6、industrialunitinMiskin,nearCardiff,setupbyRenishaw,aBritishengineeringcompany.Theplantisequippedwiththreeofthefirm’s3Dprinters;morewillbeaddedsoon.Eachmachineproducesabatchofmorethan200dentalcrownsandbridgesfromdigitalscansofpatients’teeth.Themachinesusealasertosteadi
7、lymeltsuccessivelayersofacobalt-chromealloypowderintotherequiredshapes.Theprocessisabitlikewatchingpaintdry—itcantakeeighttotenhours—buttheprintersrununattendedandmake--eachindividualtoothtoadesignthatisuniquetoeverypatient.Oncecomplete,thepartsareshippedtodentallabor
8、atoriesalloverEuropewherecraftsmenaddalayerofporcelain.Someresearchersarenowworkingon3Dprintingtheporcelain,too.位于英国卡迪夫附近米斯金
