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1、ChapterSevenConvincingtheAudiencePartⅣConstructingStrongEssaysIntroductionStep1AdoptingaReasonableToneStep2SelectinganAppropriateStyleStep3MakingAssertionsBelievableStep4SupportingtheAssertionsStep5ReasoningEffectivelyWheneveryouwrite,consideryourspecificaudien
2、ce,thatis,thepeoplewhowillreadwhatyouhavewritten.Knowingwhoyou’rewritingtoisfundamentaltothesuccessofanymessage,whichwillhelpyoutocommunicateclearlyandeffectively.Analyzingyouraudienceisimportantformorereasonsthansimplydeterminingthecontentandapproachofyourmess
3、age.Therecipientofyourmessageshouldinfluenceeventhemediumyouchoosefordeliveringit.Thestatementandsupportingdetailswewanttousetosupportthemdependsheavilyonouraudience’sinterestandourunderstandingofthem.TheattitudethatweexpressIntroductiontowardoursubject，thetone
4、thatwesetandthestyleweselect,alldependonourreaders’expectationsandthekindofdesirableimpressionwewanttoleaveonthem.IntroductionWaystoConvincetheAudienceStep1AdoptingaReasonableToneInordertoconvincetheaudience,youshouldalsoconsiderthetoneofyourwriting,whichdepend
5、sonyoursubjectmatterandonyouraudience.Toneisyourstyleormannerofexpression.Itisrevealedbyyourchoiceofwordsandgrammaticalstructuresandeventhelengthofyoursentences.Thetoneofapieceofwritingcanbe,forexample,serious,amusing,personal,orimpersonal.Apieceofwritingmaycon
6、veyatonethatisgayorsomber,sentimentalorcynical,reverentormocking,literalorironic,oranyshadingofemotionthatrepresentsahumanattitude.AdoptingaReasonableToneStudythepassagesbelowandtrytorecognizethetoneofthewriting.ActivityThemalefiddlercrabhasasomewhateasiertime,
7、butitcanhardlybesaidthatheissittingpretty.Hehasoneenormouslylargeandpowerfulclaw,usuallybrilliantlycolored,andyoumightsupposethatallhehadtodowasreachoutandgrabsomepassingcutie.Theveryearliestfiddlercrabsmayhavetriedthis,but,ifso,theygotslappedfortheirpains.Afem
8、alefiddlercrabwillnottolerateanycavemanstuff;SheneverhasPassage1AdoptingaReasonableToneandshedoesn’tintendtostartnow.Toattractafemale,afiddlercrabhastostandontiptoeandbrandi
