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1、TheBonded-ParticleModelasaToolforRockMechanicsResearchandApplication:CurrentTrendsandFutureDirectionsDavidO.PotyondyItascaConsultingGroup,Inc.,Minneapolis,MN,USA*CorrespondingAuthor’sE-mail:dpotyondy@itascacg.comABSTRACTWegeneralizeourviewofabonded-particlemodel(BPM)toconsistofabasematerial(ofri
2、gidgrainsjoinedbydeformableandbreakablecementatgrain-graincontacts)towhichlarger-scalejointscanbeaddedandwhosemechanicalbehaviorissimulatedbythedistinct-elementmethodusingthetwo-andthree-dimensionaldiscontinuumprogramsPFC2DandPFC3D.Themicromechanicalprocessesthatcontrolbrittlefractureandthus,sho
3、uldinformanymicromechanicalmodel,aresummarized.Therichvarietyofmicrostructuralmodelsthatcanbeproducedbythebonded-particlemodelingmethodologyaredescribedandclassifiedwithrespecttotheirmicrostructuralandlarger-scalefeatures.Thesemodelsprovideawiderangeofrockbehaviorsthatencompassbothcompactandporo
4、usrockatbothanintactandrock-massscale,andexamplesareprovidedofhowBPMsarebeingusedtomodelrockatthesescales.Theexamplesincludeanintactanisotropicmaterialthatmayswellandcontractinresponsetochangesinsaturation,thebehavioroftwoalternativeBPMsthatcanmatchboththeuniaxialandtensilestrengthsofcompactrock
5、andtheembeddingofanintactBPMwithinalargercontinuummodeltostudyfracturingaroundagold-minestopeinquartzite.Keywords:Bonded-particlemodel,Rockfracture,Micromechanics1.INTRODUCTIONAsrock-mechanicspractioners,weallhaveaninterestinunderstandingthemechanicalbehaviorofrock,andweareallawarethatrockismuch
6、morecomplexthanmosttraditionalengineeringmaterials.InhisprefacetothefourtheditionofFundamentalsofRockMechanics(Jaegeretal.,2007),RobertZimmermanliststopicsthatareeitheruniquetorockorthatassumegreatimportanceforrock:“frictionalongroughsurfaces,degradationandfailureundercompressiveloads,couplingbe
7、tweenmechanicaldeformationandfluidflow,theeffectofcracksandporesonmechanicaldeformation,and,perhapsmostimportantly,theeffectoffracturesandjointsonlarge-scalerockbehavior.”Modelingprovidesameansofunderstandingsuchcomplexityvi
