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1、外文翻译原文：OrganizingCulture:LeaderRoles,Behaviors,andReinforcementMechanismsExploringtheleader’sroleincreatingandcommunicatingcorporateculturerequiresareviewofseveralinterrelatedtopics.Wefirstreviewcommonelementsfordefiningcorporateculture.Next,welookatthecontributionofculture
2、toorganizationalsuccessfromquantitativeandqualitativeperspectives.Third,wediscusstheleader’srole,extendingSchein’sleaderbehaviormodeltoillustrate(1)primaryleaderbehaviorsinvolvedinthetransmissionofcultureinorganizations,and(2)secondarymechanismsthatreinforcethebehaviorsnece
3、ssaryforculturalchange.Fourth,weusethemodeltoreviewthedynamicsandtransmissionoforganizationalculture.CommonElementsofCultureOrganizationalculturerepresentsasetofbroad,tacitlyunderstoodruleswhichtellemployeeswhattodounderunanticipatedworksituations.Organizationalculturegener
4、allyincludes:(1)aphilosophythatexemplifiesanorganization’sorientationtowarditscustomersandemployees,and(2)rules,bothwrittenandunwritten,whichdictatehowamemberoftheorganizationshouldactto‘getalong’.Cultureaffectsmembersofanorganizationbyinfluencingbehaviorandperformanceoutco
5、mes,includingeconomicefficiency.Culturealsocanaffectanorganization’sexternalenvironment.Forexample,dominantvaluesinanorganizationsuchas‘productquality’and‘priceleadership’influencecustomerbehavior.The‘feeling’or‘climate’conveyedbyphysicallayoutandinteractionbetweenmembersan
6、dcustomersprovidesanotherlinktotheexternalenvironment.Someresearchersrefertocultureasactivelylearnedanddirectedatnewmembersofanorganizationthroughcontactswithexistingmembersandtheorganizationitself.Thesocializationprocess,particularlyfornewmembers,addstothestrengthofacultur
7、ebysuggestingwhatvalues,beliefs,andbehaviorsbestfitwithintheorganization.Scheinprovidedacomprehensiveandwell-accepteddefinitionofcorporatecultureas“apatternofbasicassumptions—invented,discovered,ordevelopedbyagivengroupasitlearnstocopewithitsproblemsofexternaladaptationandi
8、nternalintegration—thathasworkedwellenoughtobeconsideredvalidand,therefore,tobetau
