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1、THEORIESOFTRANSLATIONEugeneA.Nidandevelopingatheoryoftranslationtherearesoexpressionsintwoormorelanguages.OnoneoccasionoftenanumberofwrongconceptsthatIaskedthedirectorofafamousschooloftranslatinginIconstituteproblemsforthestudyofinterlingualEuropetotellme
2、howmanyreallyoutstandingcommunication:first,theideathattranslationisatranslatorshehadhelpedtotrainduringthetwenty-scienceandsecond,theassumptionthattranslatingfiveyearsinwhichhehaddirectedaschoolofdependsonatheoryoflanguagethatincludesallclassestranslatin
3、g,butheimmediatelyrepliedthattheiroftexts,audiences,andcircumstancesofuse.famousschoolhadnottrainedanyhighlycreativeTranslatingisnotaseparatescience,butitoftendoestranslators.Suchpersonsseemtobebornwithsuchrepresentspecializedskillsandcanalsorequireskills
4、oflinguisticandbehavioralequivalence.aestheticsensitivity.SkilledtranslatorsmusthaveaThebasicproblemofformulatinganadequatespecialcapacityforsensingtheclosestnaturaltheoryoftranslationisthefactthattranslationactuallyequivalentofatext,whetheroralorwritten.
5、Buttakesplaceinourbrains,andwedonotknowpreciselytranslatingisessentiallyaskillanddependslargelyonawhatactuallyhappens.Howisitthatchildrenofseriesofdisciplines,forexample,linguistics,culturalonlyfiveyearsofagecanofteninterpretveryeffectivelyanthropology,ph
6、ilology,psychology,andtheoriesofwhenscholarsoffiftyyearsoftenhavegreatdifficulties.communication.Incontrastwiththevarioussciences,Inmanycasespeoplewhohaveneverstudiedthesuchasphysics,chemistry,andbiology,translationisanprinciplesoftranslationturnouttobemu
7、chmoreactivitythatallbilingualpeoplecanengageinwithouteffectivetranslatorsthanthosewhomayhavestudiedspecialstudiesoftechnicalprocedures.Asefficienttranslationinsomeschooldesignedspecificallyforbilingualstheyquicklysensethedegreesofequivalencehelpingpeople
8、recognizelinguisticandculturalincomparabletexts.parallelsandcontrasts.Infact,ourignoranceaboutlinguisticandculturalequivalencesorparallelsismuchInthefuturewemaybeabletospeakmoregreaterthanweliketoadmit.Unfortunately
