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1、NeoheliconXXXIV(2007)2,149–163DOI:10.1007/s11059-007-2012-8ROBINCHEN-HSINGTSAITRANSLATINGNATURE:GARYSNYDERANDCULTURALTRANSLATIONGarySnyder’stranslationofHan-shan’sColdMountainPoems,andmoregenerallyofEasternthinking,dismantlesanylogicofdomination.Inthisessay,theauthorfirstshowshowSny
2、der’stranslationofHan-shanembodiesacross-cultural“journey”beyondthelimitsofSaidean“travelingtheory.”Then,drawingfromSnyder’sinterviews,criticism,andpoetry,andparticularlyfrompassagesinColdMountainPoems,theauthorlooksatthepoet’scentralconcern–thequestionoftheother–asa“geocentric”prax
3、isof“trans-latingtheother.”HerehecomparesthedisequilibriumandhybridityofSnyder’s“wild-ness”withthatofBhabha’s“thirdspace”inthecontextofculturaltranslation.ForSnyder,“translationoftheother”maybestbereferredtoasa“culturaltranslationofna-ture.”Theeponymouspoet-monk-hermitHan-shan(Kanza
4、ninJapanese)wasreputedlybornintheTangdynasty.HisColdMountainPoems,alongwithFeng-kanPoemsandShih-tePoems,writtenbyanothertwo“zany”figures,arecommonlygroupedasThreeHermits’Poems.AfterbeingpromotedbytheTangpoets,theSungpoets(WangAn-shih,SuTong-po)andmonks,theQingEmperorYung-Cheng,andth
5、eththmodernVernacularChinesepromulgatorHuShih,the8–9-centuryChinesegraf-fitipoetHan-shanwasfinallyapotheosizedintheQingDynasty,becomingacanoni-calpoet.TheavailabilityoftheChineseHanShanPoemstoEnglishreadersowesmuchtosuchsinologistsasArthurWaley,GarySnyder,BurtonWatson,andothers.Wale
6、yfirstpublishedtranslationsof27poemsbyHan-shaninEncounterinSeptember,1954.Fouryearslater,Snyderpublished24oftheminEvergreenReview.Watsonbe-camethethirdHan-shantranslatorin1962withhisColdMountain:100PoemsbyHan-Shan.In1966,SnyderreprintedtheminhisRiprapandColdMountainPoems,whichwashai
7、ledas“thebestpoetryofthethreeversions”;ithasalsobeenthemost1influential.1HerbertV.Fackler,“ThreeEnglishVersionsofHan-Shan’sColdMountainPoems,”LiteratureEast&West,15(1971):269–278.RobinChen-HsingTsai,EnglishDepartment,TamkangUniversity,Tamsui25156,Taiwan.Email:rnchtsai@mail.tku.edu.t
8、w0324–4652/$20.00Ak
