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1、TheJournalofAsianStudieshttp://journals.cambridge.org/JASAdditionalservicesforTheJournalofAsianStudies:Emailalerts:ClickhereSubscriptions:ClickhereCommercialreprints:ClickhereTermsofuse:Clickhere“Idols”intheTemple:IconsandtheCultofConfuciusJuliaK.MurrayTheJournalofAs
2、ianStudies/Volume68/Issue02/May2009,pp371-411DOI:10.1017/S0021911809000643,Publishedonline:12May2009Linktothisarticle:http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0021911809000643Howtocitethisarticle:JuliaK.Murray(2009).“Idols”intheTemple:IconsandtheCultofConfucius.TheJou
3、rnalofAsianStudies,68,pp371-411doi:10.1017/S0021911809000643RequestPermissions:ClickhereDownloadedfromhttp://journals.cambridge.org/JAS,IPaddress:115.145.4.145on28Apr2014TheJournalofAsianStudiesVol.68,No.2(May)2009:371–411.©2009TheAssociationforAsianStudies,Inc.doi:1
4、0.1017/S0021911809000643“Idols”intheTemple:IconsandtheCultofConfuciusJULIAK.MURRAYUntil1530,sculpturalimagesofConfuciusandvaryingnumbersofdisciplesandlaterfollowersreceivedsemiannualsacrificesinstate-supportedtemplesalloverChina.Theicons’visualfeaturesweregreatlyinfl
5、uencedbytheposthumoustitlesandranksthatemperorsconferredonConfuciusandhisfollowers,thesameasfordeitiesintheDaoistandBuddhistpantheons.ThisconvergenceledtovisualconflationandarousedobjectionsfromNeo-Confucianritualists,culminatingintheritualreformof1530,whichreplacedi
6、mageswithinscribedtabletsandConfucius’skinglytitlewiththedesignationUltimateSageandFirstTeacher.However,thebanoniconsdidnotapplytotheprimordialtempleofConfuciusinQufu,Shandong.Post-1530gazetteerspublicizedthedistinctionbyreproducingalinedrawingofthistemple’ssculptura
7、licon,andpersistentreplicationsofthisimagehelpedtopopularizehiscult.Thesameperiodsawaproliferationofnon-godlikerepresentationsofConfucius,includinghispor-trayalasateacher,whoseiconographicoriginscanbetracedtoapaintedpor-traithandeddownthroughgenerationsofhisdescendan
8、ts.Inrecentyears,variationsofthisteacherimagehavebecomethebasisfornewsculpturalrep-resentations,firstinTaiwan,theninHongKongandtheC
