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1、AdvancedSpacePlasmaPhysicsRudolfA.Treumann&WolfgangBaumjohannMax-Planck-InstitutfurextraterrestrischePhysik,Garching¨andOsterreichischeAkademiederWissenschaften¨InstitutfurWeltraumforschung,Graz¨RevisedEdition,ImperialCollegePress,London,2001PrefaceThisbookisthesecondvolumeofourint
2、roductorytextonSpacePlasmaPhysics.ThefirstvolumeispublishedunderthetitleBasicSpacePlasmaPhysicsandcoversthemorefundamentalaspects,i.e.,singleparticledynamics,fluidequilibria,andwavesinspaceplasmas.Thissecondvolumeextendsthematerialtothemoreadvancedfieldsofplasmainstabilitiesandnonline
3、areffects.Actually,therearealreadyanumberofmonographs,wherethegeneralnonlinearplasmamethodsaredescribedinconsiderabledetail.Butmanyofthesebooksarequitespecialized.Thepresentbookselectsthosemethods,whichareappliedinspaceplasmaphysics,and,ontheexpenseofdetailedness,triestomakethemacc
4、essibletothemorepracticallyorientedstudentandresearcherbyputtingthenewachievementsandmethodsintothecontextofgeneralspacephysics.Thefirstpartofthebookisconcernedwiththeevolutionoflinearinstabilitiesinplasmas.Instabilitieshaveturnedouttobethemostinterestingandimportantphenom-enainphys
5、ics.Theyarisewhenfreeenergyhasaccumulatedinasystemwhichthesystemwantstogetridof.Inplasmaphysicsthereisamultitudeofreasonsfortheexcitationofinstabilities.Inhomogeneitiesmayevolvebothinrealspaceandinveloc-ityspace.Theseinhomogeneitiesleadtothegenerationofinstabilitiesasafirstlinearand
6、straightforwardreactionoftheplasmatosuchdeviationsfromthermalequilibrium.Thefirstchapterscoverarepresentativeselectionofthemanypossiblemacro-andmi-croinstabilitiesinspaceplasmas,fromtheRayleigh-TaylorandKelvin-Helmholtztoelectrostaticandelectromagnetickineticinstabilities.Theirquasi
7、linearstabilizationandnonlinearevolutionandtheirapplicationtospacephysicsproblemsistreated.Asanaturalextensionofthelinearevolution,nonlineareffectsdoinevitablyevolveinanunstableplasma,simplybecauseaninstabilitycannotpersistforeverbutwillexhausttheavailablefreeenergy.Thereforeallins
8、tabilitiesarefollowedbynon
