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1、TheRealNewWorldOrderAnne-MarieSlaughterTHESTATESTRIKESBACKMANYTHOUGHTthatthenewworldorderproclaimedbyGeoigcBushwasthepromiseof1945fiiliillcd,aworldinwhichinternationalinstitutions,ledbytheUnitedNations,guaranteedinternationalpeaceandsecuritywiththeactivesupportoftheworld'smajorp
2、owers.Thatworldorderisachimera.Evenasaliberalinternationalistideal,itisin&asibleatbestanddangerousatworst.Itrequiresacentralizedrule-maldngauthority,ahierarchyofinstitutions,anduniversalmembership.Equallytothepoint,effi>rtstocreatesuchanorderhavefailed.TheUnitedNationscannotfunc
3、tioneffectivelyindependentofthemajorpowersthatcomposeit,norwillthosenationscedetheirpowerandsovereigntytoaninternationalinstitution.Effortstoexpandsuprana-tionalauthority,whetherbytheU.N.secretary-general'soffice,theEuropeanCommission,ortheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),haveconsist
4、entlyproducedabacklashamongmemberstates.Theleadingalternativetoliberalinternationalismis"thenewmedievalism,"aback-to-the-futuremodelofthe21stcentury.Whereliberalinternationalistsseeaneedforinternationalrulesandinstitutionstosolvestates'problems,thenewmedievalistsproclaimtheendof
5、thenation-state.Lesshyperbolically,inherarticle,"PowerShift,"intheJanuary/February1997/^bfiff^jw.^^'"*JessicaT.Mathewsdescribesashiftawayfromthestate—up,down,andsideways—tosupra-state,sub-state,and,aboveall,nonstateactors.Thesenewplayershavemultipleallegiancesandglobalreach.ANNE
6、-MARIESLAUGHTERistheJ.SinclairAimstxDngProfessorofInternational,Fordgn.andComparativeLawatHarvardLawSchooL[183]Anne-MarieSha^hterMathewsattributesthispowershifttoachangeinthcstnictuicofoiganizations:fix>mhierarchiestonetwoiks,fromcentralizedcompul-siontovohintaiyassociation.Thee
7、ngineofthistransformationistheinfoimationtechnologyrevolution,ara^call^expandedcommunica-tionscapacitythatempowersindividualsandgroupsvdiilediminishingtraditionalauthority.Theresultisnotworldgovernment,but^obalgovernance.Ifgovemmentdenotestheformalexerciseofpowerbyestablishedins
8、titutions,governancedenotescooperativeproblem-s
