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1、TechnicalRepoRTsAplasmonicchipforbiomarkerdiscoveryanddiagnosisoftype1diabetesBoZhang1,2,5,RajivBKumar1,3,5,HongjieDai1,2&BrianJFeldman1,3,4Type1diabetes(T1D)isanautoimmunedisease,whereasInadditiontothefactthatpresentplatformsfailtomeetcurrenttype2di
2、abetes(T2D)resultsfrominsulinresistanceandbetadiagnosticneeds,arisingT1Dtherapiesarecriticallydependentoncelldysfunction.Previously,theonsetofthesetwoseparatefasterdiagnosticsthantheseexistingplatformscanprovide.Highlydiseaseswaseasilydistinguished,w
3、ithchildrenbeingmostatencouragingpreliminarystudiesindicatethatimmunemodulationriskforT1DandT2Doccurringinoverweightadults.However,andantigen-specifictherapiesfundamentallyalterthenaturalhistorythedramaticriseinobesity,coupledwiththenotableincreaseof
4、T1D11,12.Thesebreakthroughtherapieshavethepotentialtopro-inT1D,hascreatedalargeoverlapinthesepreviouslydiscretetectpancreaticbetacellfunctionastheymovetowardbroadimple-patientpopulations.DelayeddiagnosisofT1Dcanresultinmentationinthepatientpopulation
5、.However,earlyresultsfromthesesevereillnessordeath,andrapiddiagnosisofT1Discriticalforstudiesindicatethattherapeuticinterventionsaremosteffectivewhentheefficacyofemergingtherapies.However,attemptstoapplyadministeredtemporallyclosetothetimeofdiagnosis
6、,withdelaysasnext-generationplatformshavebeenunsuccessfulfordetectingshortasdaystoweekspotentiallylimitingefficacy12,13.Thecurrentdiabetesbiomarkers.Herewedescribethedevelopmentofaplatformsfordiagnosingdiabetesareunabletomeetthisimportantplasmonicgol
7、dchipfornear-infraredfluorescence–enhancedemergingrequirementandcouldpreventpatientswithT1Dfrom(NIR-FE)detectionofisletcell–targetingautoantibodies.receivingthemaximumbenefitfromtheirtherapy.InspiteoftheclearWedemonstratethatthisplatformhashighsensit
8、ivityandmedicalneed,developingnext-generationdiagnostictestshasbeenspecificityforthediagnosisofT1Dandcanbeusedtounexpectedlychallenging.Overthepasttwodecades,manygroupsdiscoverpreviouslyunknownbiomarkersofT1D.havedemonstratedthattheusualplatforms,inc
