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1、SIAMREVIEWc2003SocietyforIndustrialandAppliedMathematicsVol.45,No.2,pp.167–256TheStructureandFunctionofComplexNetworks∗M.E.J.Newman†Abstract.InspiredbyempiricalstudiesofnetworkedsystemssuchastheInternet,socialnetworks,andbiologicalnetworks,researchershaveinrecentyearsdevelopedavarietyoftechniq
2、uesandmodelstohelpusunderstandorpredictthebehaviorofthesesystems.Herewereviewdevelopmentsinthisfield,includingsuchconceptsasthesmall-worldeffect,degreedistributions,clustering,networkcorrelations,randomgraphmodels,modelsofnetworkgrowthandpreferentialattachment,anddynamicalprocessestakingplaceonne
3、tworks.Keywords.networks,graphtheory,complexsystems,computernetworks,socialnetworks,randomgraphs,percolationtheoryAMSsubjectclassifications.05C75,05C90,94C15PII.S0036144503424804Contents.1Introduction1681.1TypesofNetworks.............................1711.2OtherResources..........................
4、....1721.3OutlineoftheReview...........................1742NetworksintheRealWorld1742.1SocialNetworks...............................1742.2InformationNetworks...........................1762.3TechnologicalNetworks..........................1782.4BiologicalNetworks............................1793Pr
5、opertiesofNetworks1803.1TheSmall-WorldEffect..........................1803.2TransitivityorClustering.........................1833.3DegreeDistributions............................1853.3.1Scale-FreeNetworks........................1863.3.2MaximumDegree..........................1883.4NetworkResilien
6、ce.............................1893.5MixingPatterns..............................190∗ReceivedbytheeditorsJanuary20,2003;acceptedforpublication(inrevisedform)March17,2003;publishedelectronicallyMay2,2003.ThisworkwassupportedinpartbytheU.S.NationalScienceFoundationundergrantsDMS-0109086andDMS-023
7、4188andbytheJamesS.McDonnellFoundationandtheSantaFeInstitute.Downloaded04/22/13to218.206.166.194.RedistributionsubjecttoSIAMlicenseorcopyright;seehttp://www.siam.org/journals/ojsa.phphttp://www.siam.org/journals/sirev/45-2/42480.h
