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1、SIAMREVIEW!c2003SocietyforIndustrialandAppliedMathematicsVol.45,No.2,pp.167–256TheStructureandFunctionofComplexNetworks∗M.E.J.Newman†Abstract.InspiredbyempiricalstudiesofnetworkedsystemssuchastheInternet,socialnetworks,andbiologicalnetworks,researchershave
2、inrecentyearsdevelopedavarietyoftechniquesandmodelstohelpusunderstandorpredictthebehaviorofthesesystems.Herewereviewdevelopmentsinthisfield,includingsuchconceptsasthesmall-worldeffect,degreedistributions,clustering,networkcorrelations,randomgraphmodels,model
3、sofnetworkgrowthandpreferentialattachment,anddynamicalprocessestakingplaceonnetworks.Keywords.networks,graphtheory,complexsystems,computernetworks,socialnetworks,randomgraphs,percolationtheoryAMSsubjectclassifications.05C75,05C90,94C15PII.S0036144503424804C
4、ontents.1Introduction1681.1TypesofNetworks.............................1711.2OtherResources..............................1721.3OutlineoftheReview...........................1742NetworksintheRealWorld1742.1SocialNetworks...............................1742.2I
5、nformationNetworks...........................1762.3TechnologicalNetworks..........................1782.4BiologicalNetworks............................1793PropertiesofNetworks1803.1TheSmall-WorldEffect..........................1803.2TransitivityorClustering.
6、........................1833.3DegreeDistributions............................1853.3.1Scale-FreeNetworks........................1863.3.2MaximumDegree..........................1883.4NetworkResilience.............................1893.5MixingPatterns..........
7、....................190∗ReceivedbytheeditorsJanuary20,2003;acceptedforpublication(inrevisedform)March17,2003;publishedelectronicallyMay2,2003.ThisworkwassupportedinpartbytheU.S.NationalScienceFoundationundergrantsDMS-0109086andDMS-0234188andbytheJamesS.McD
8、onnellFoundationandtheSantaFeInstitute.http://www.siam.org/journals/sirev/45-2/42480.html†DepartmentofPhysicsandCenterfortheStudyofComplexSystems,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI48109(mejn@umich.edu).167168M.
