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1、JournalofMemoryandLanguageJournalofMemoryandLanguage50(2004)134–148www.elsevier.com/locate/jmlWhatlinksverbalshort-termmemoryperformanceandvocabularylevel?EvidenceofchangingqrelationshipsamongindividualswithlearningdisabilityChristopherJarrold,*AlanD.Baddeley,AlexaK.
2、Hewes,TansyC.Leeke,andCarolineE.PhillipsDepartmentofExperimentalPsychology,UniversityofBristol,8WoodlandRoad,BristolBS81TN,UKReceived20May2002;revisionreceived5August2003AbstractTwostudiesarepresentedthatadoptanovelapproachtodeterminingwhetherverbalshort-termmemorype
3、r-formanceiscausallyrelatedtovocabularyacquisitioninchildhood.Thisinvolvesexaminingwhetherverbalshort-termmemorymeasuresaremorecloselyrelatedtotheabsolutelevelofindividualsÕvocabulary,ortherateatwhichvo-cabularyhasbeenattained.Inafirststudy,twogroupsofindividualswithl
4、earningdisability,whodifferedinagebutwerematchedforvocabularyknowledgeataroundthe8-year-oldequivalentlevel,showedcomparableverbalshort-termmemoryperformance.However,asecondstudyshowedthatinlessdevelopedindividualsfunctioningaroundthe5-year-oldlevelofvocabularydevelopm
5、ent,matchingforvocabularyknowledgedidnotequateverbalshort-termmemoryperformanceacrossgroupsdifferinginchronologicalage.Thispatternisconsistentwiththeviewthatvarianceinverbalshort-termmemoryperformanceiscausallyrelatedtoindividualdifferencesinvocabularyacquisition,buton
6、lyearlyonindevelopment.Ó2003ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Verbalshort-termmemory;Vocabulary;Development;Learningdisability1.Introductioncorrectserialorder.ThereisalimittothemaximumnumberofitemsthatcanbesuccessfullyrememberedinVerbalshort-termmemoryistypicall
7、yassessedbythisway—anindividualÕsverbalshort-termmemorypresentinganindividualwithasequenceofverbalitems,span—whichisaboutsevenitemsinadults(Miller,suchasspokendigits,whichtheyhavetothenrepeatin1956).However,thislimitdoesdependonthenatureoftheto-be-rememberedstimuli.V
8、erbalshort-termmem-oryspansaresmallerforwordswhichsoundalikeorareqThisresearchwaspartlyfundedbyagrantfromthephonologicallysimilar(e
