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1、NATIONALACADEMYOFSCIENCESJOHNC.HARSANYI1920–2000ABiographicalMemoirbyKENNETHJ.ARROWAnyopinionsexpressedinthismemoirarethoseoftheauthoranddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.BiographicalMemoirs,VOLUME80PUBLISHED2001BYTHENATIONALACADEMYPRESSWASHINGTON,D.C.Photo
2、byJaneScherrJOHNC.HARSANYIMay29,1920–August9,2000BYKENNETHJ.ARROWJOHNCHARLESHARSANYIwasbornonMay29,1920,inBudapest,Hungary,anonlychild.Hisfatherownedapharmacyfromwhichhederivedacomfortableincome.BothparentswereJewishbuthadconvertedtoCatholicism.Hisparentswere,accordingtohisaccount,wel
3、leducatedandcultured.Hewastutoredathomeforthefirstfewgrades.AfterelementaryschoolhewenttothefamousLutheranGymnasiuminBudapest,graduatesofwhichincludedJohnvonNeumann,EugeneWigner(thephysicist),andNicholasKaldor.AftertwoyearsofstudyingleatherchemistryatGrenoble,France,hereturnedtoHungar
4、ywiththeimminenceofWorldWarIItostudypharmacysothathecouldcontinuehisfather’sbusiness.Hethenstarted(thoughwithlittlerealinterest)adoctoralprograminbotany,mainlytoavoidconscriptionintothearmy;however,theGermansenteredHungaryinMarch1944,andinMayhewasconscriptedintoforcedlabor.Fortunately
5、,hisworkwasdoneinornearBudapest.Hewasrequiredtowearawhitearmband,identify-ingChristiansofJewishorigin.HisunitwasundersomeformofprotectionfromtheVatican,butwhentheRussiansReprintedwithpermissionfromTheEconomicJournal,November2001.34BIOGRAPHICALMEMOIRScameclosetoBudapest,theNazisdecided
6、todeporttheJewishforcedlaborerstoAustria.HarsanyimanagedtoescapefromtherailwaystationandhideinthemonasteryofaJesuitfriend.HewasfinallyfreedwhentheSoviettroopsarrivedinJanuary1945.HarsanyithenenrolledintheUniversityofBudapest.Atfirsthestudiedmathematicsbutthenshiftedtothestudyofphiloso
7、phy,psychology,andsociology.Althoughclearlyanti-Marxist,hewasallowedtobeauniversityassistantanddosometeaching,atwhichtimehemethisfuturewife,Anne.Therepressiongraduallyincreased,andtheydecidedin1950toescapeacrossthebordertoAustriawithAnne’sparents.Theirguidetookthreedaystotakethemacros
8、sbeca
