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1、Thesociologyoftranslationandits“activistturn”MichaelaWolfThelastfewyearshaveseenagreatincreaseinworksonwhathasbeenlabeleda“sociologicalturn”intranslationstudies.Thisturnhasparticularlytaughtustosharpenour“sociologicaleye”onthevariousagenciesandagentsinvolvedinanytranslationprocedure,andmor
2、especificallyinthetextualfactorsoperatinginthetranslationprocess.InthispaperIwilldiscusstheconditionsunderlyingthe“sociologicalturn”andexaminebothitslimitationsanditspotential,withparticularattentiontothetranslator’shabitusaselaboratedinsociologyandintranslationstudies.Myfocuswillbeonthepo
3、liticalfactorswhichinrecentyearshavecontributedtomoldingthehabitus,notleastinthedomainof“translationandactivism,”wherenewcodesofreferencehavebeencreatedfortranslatorialactivitythatalsoposesearchingquestionsforWesternconceptsoftranslationandtheirsocialimplications,ultimatelytriggeringwhatmi
4、ghtbecalledan“activistturn.”Keywords:habitus,socialactivism,turnsinTranslationStudies,PierreBourdieu,politicalinvolvement,humanrightsThesocial/sociologicalturnTurns—or“shiftingviewpoints”(Snell-Hornby2006)—areaconstitutivefeatureofanydiscipline.Initsshorthistory,thedisciplineoftranslationh
5、aswitnessedavarietyofsuchturns,fromthe“pragmaticturn”inlinguisticsinthe1960s—whenmanystillviewedtranslationstudiesasanoffshootofcontrastivelinguistics—andthe“culturalturn”inthe1990s,tothe“sociologicalturn”andthe“powerturn”inthe2000s,justtonameafew.Finally,in2009,apleawasformulatedinfavorof
6、establishingwhatwaslabeled“TranslatorStudies.”AthematicissueofHermes—“TranslationStudies:FocusontheTranslator”—includedacontributionbyAndrewChestermanwhoclaimsthatthegrowingnumberofrecentresearchTranslationandInterpretingStudies7:2(2012),129–143.doi10.1075/tis.7.2.02wolissn1932–2798/e-issn
7、1876–2700©JohnBenjaminsPublishingCompany130MichaelaWolftendencieswhichinonewayoranotherfocusonthefigureofthetranslatorratherthanontranslationsastextswouldjustifytheestablishmentof“TranslatorStudies”(Chesterman2009:13,emphasisintheoriginal).ChestermantakesJames
