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1、MiddlePowerPull:CanMiddlePowersusePublicDiplomacytoAmelioratetheImageoftheWest?M.A.RudderhamDirectorofCommunicationsAmericanUniversityofAfghanistanYCISSWorkingPaperNumber46February2008TheYCISSWorkingPaperSeriesisdesignedtostimulatefeedbackfromotherexpertsinthefield.Theseriesexplorestopica
2、lthemesthatreflectworkbeingundertakenattheCentre.RudderhamgMiddlePowerPull/1Theinternationalcommunityisincreasinglyrecognizingthatinstabilityisnolongerconstrainedbygeography.Inthepursuitofdomesticsecurity,itisbecomingcommonforstatestobeproactiveinaddressingsocialandculturaldriversoftwenty
3、-firstcenturyinsecuritywheretheyoccur.OnesuchdriverliesinthedeepresentmenttowardstheWestharbouredbyradicalisedindividualsinvolatileregionsoftheworld,regionsthatarestrugglingwitheconomicdisenfranchisement,socialandculturalchange,andcorruptandcontrollinggovernments.Muchofthisresentmentisdri
4、venbyinconsistent,unjustforeignpoliciesofWesternstates.Muchstemsfrommisperceptionsorprejudices.Inbothcases,theproliferationoftravel,communications,andweaponstechnologymeansthatsimmeringresentmentcanposeaseriousthreatto1targetedstates.WhiletheUnitedStates(US),astheworlds’onlysuperpowerands
5、elf-styledglobalpoliceman,isthefocalpointforanti-Westernsentiment,itisimportanttorememberthatjustasthreatsposedbyradicalisedindividualsarenotstate-based,neitheraretheyaimedatasinglestate.ThebroadercommunityofWesternstatesisimplicated.Todate,attacksonWesterntargetsbyindividualswithstrongti
6、estovolatileregionshavebeencarriedoutinAustralia(viaBali),theNetherlands,Spain,theUnitedKingdom(UK),andtheUS.Otherattemptshavebeenthwartedbynationalsecurityservices.Whilemanystatesarecounteringthesethreatsbycontributingresourcestobordersecurity,intelligence-sharing,andcounter-terrorismuni
7、ts,theyhavethusfarpaidcomparativelylittleattentiontocreatingfavourablepublicopinioninareasoftheworldwhereadversepublicopinionisabreedinggroundforsecuritythreats.ThispaperaddresseswhetherornotWesternmiddlepowerstatesarecapableofmakinganeffective,significantcontributi
