gre-arguement七种常见错误-个人总结

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1、一.经不起推敲的类推（falseanalogy）ThisargumentreliesonwhatmightbeafalseanalogybetweenAandBC・（开头）InorderforBCtoserveasmodelsthatAshouldemulate。thearguermustassumethatallrelevantcircumstancesinvolvedareessentiallythesame.（环境、背景不同）However,thisassumptionisunwarranted.（过渡）Forexample,thea

2、rgumentoverlooksthepossibilitythatPerhaps（列举各种可能性）Thearguersimplyassumesthatbuthedoesnotprovideanyevidencethatareindeedcomparable.Asweknow,the••.and…differconspicuouslv.Itistruethatbothbutevenhereexistfundamentaldifferences:....（两彳巾东西本身不同）Therefore,eventhoughthe....provede

3、ffectiveinthereisnoguaranteethatitwillworkjustaswellfor（结尾）二将因果关系与单纯的关联关系或时间关系混淆起来（confusecausalrelationshipwithcorrelation）TheargumentconcludedbasedonaknowncorrelationbetweenAandB.Yetthecorrelationaloneisonlyascantevidenceoftheclaimed"cause-and-effect^relationship.Perhaps

4、Moreover,theargumentoverlooksthefactthat....Thearguerhasnotaccountedforthepossibilitythat....Ifthisisthecase,thantheconclusionwouldlackanymeritwhatsoever.三.认为一个群体的特征适用于该群体的所有成员四.认为某条件是某结果的必耍和/或充足条件1.耍想取得理想的结果就必须按照这种（推荐的）行为去做2.按照这种（推荐的）行为去捉就足以去的理想的结果a）Therecommendationdepen

5、dsontheassumptionthatnoalternativemeansof...areavailable.Yetnoevidenceisofferedtosubstantiatethisassumption.Admitittedly,……However,itisentirelypossiblethatmeansotherthanthiswouldalsoachievethedesiredresult.（指出替代选项的存在）Perhapsthedesiredimprovementcouldbeachieved讦（列举替代选项）With

6、outconsideringandrulingouttheseandotheralternativemeansof.....thearguercannotconfidentlyconcludethatmustdo...inordertoachievethegoal.（收尾）b）Therecommendationdependsontheadditionalunsubstantiatedassumptionthatwouldbyitselfimprove（指出不一定能达到目标）Absentevidencethatthisisthecase,it

7、isequallypossiblethatThus,withoutbetterevidencethat,theargumentremainsunconvincing.（歹U举可能性一）Evenassumingthat....,thearguerprovidesnoclearevidencethatThemerefactthat...ehardlysufficestoprove,atleastnotwithoutmoreinformationabout....（让步,列举可能性二）Evenif.perhapsadditionalmeasure

8、s一suchas一wouldalsoberequiredinordertoachieve....objectives.（列举可能附加的条件）五•基于可能不具代表性的统计数据One