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1、WhyIAmNotaConservativeByNobellaureateF.A.HayekInhetNederlandsInTheConstitutionofLiberty(Chicago:TheUniversityofChicagoPress,1960)"Atalltimessincerefriendsoffreedomhavebeenrare,anditstriumphshavebeenduetominorities,thathaveprevailedbyassociatingthemselveswithauxiliarieswhoseob
2、jectsoftendifferedfromtheirown;andthisassociation,whichisalwaysdangerous,hassometimesbeendisastrous,bygivingtoopponentsjustgroundsofopposition."-LordActon1.Atatimewhenmostmovementsthatarethoughttobeprogressiveadvocatefurtherencroachmentsonindividualliberty,[1]thosewhocherishf
3、reedomarelikelytoexpendtheirenergiesinopposition.Inthistheyfindthemselvesmuchofthetimeonthesamesideasthosewhohabituallyresistchange.Inmattersofcurrentpoliticstodaytheygenerallyhavelittlechoicebuttosupporttheconservativeparties.But,thoughthepositionIhavetriedtodefineisalsoofte
4、ndescribedas"conservative,"itisverydifferentfromthattowhichthisnamehasbeentraditionallyattached.Thereisdangerintheconfusedconditionwhichbringsthedefendersoflibertyandthetrueconservativestogetherincommonoppositiontodevelopmentswhichthreatentheiridealsequally.Itisthereforeimpor
5、tanttodistinguishclearlythepositiontakenherefromthatwhichhaslongbeenknown-perhapsmoreappropriately-asconservatism.Conservatismproperisalegitimate,probablynecessary,andcertainlywidespreadattitudeofoppositiontodrasticchange.Ithas,sincetheFrenchRevolution,foracenturyandahalfplay
6、edanimportantroleinEuropeanpolitics.Untiltheriseofsocialismitsoppositewasliberalism.ThereisnothingcorrespondingtothisconflictinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates,becausewhatinEuropewascalled"liberalism"washerethecommontraditiononwhichtheAmericanpolityhadbeenbuilt:thusthedefenderofth
7、eAmericantraditionwasaliberalintheEuropeansense.[2]ThisalreadyexistingconfusionwasmadeworsebytherecentattempttotransplanttoAmericatheEuropeantypeofconservatism,which,beingalientotheAmericantradition,hasacquiredasomewhatoddcharacter.Andsometimebeforethis,Americanradicalsandsoc
8、ialistsbegancallingthemselves"liberals."Iwillneverthelesscontinuefor
