资源描述:
《Friedrich Hayek - Why I Am Not a Conservative.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、WhyIAmNotaConservativeByNobellaureateF.A.HayekInhetNederlandsInTheConstitutionofLiberty(Chicago:TheUniversityofChicagoPress,1960)"Atalltimessincerefriendsoffreedomhavebeenrare,anditstriumphshavebeenduetominorities,thathaveprevailedbyassociatingthemselveswithauxiliarieswhoseob
2、jectsoftendifferedfromtheirown;andthisassociation,whichisalwaysdangerous,hassometimesbeendisastrous,bygivingtoopponentsjustgroundsofopposition."-LordActon1.Atatimewhenmostmovementsthatarethoughttobeprogressiveadvocatefurtherencroachmentsonindividualliberty,[1]thosewhocherishf
3、reedomarelikelytoexpendtheirenergiesinopposition.Inthistheyfindthemselvesmuchofthetimeonthesamesideasthosewhohabituallyresistchange.Inmattersofcurrentpoliticstodaytheygenerallyhavelittlechoicebuttosupporttheconservativeparties.But,thoughthepositionIhavetriedtodefineisalsoofte
4、ndescribedas"conservative,"itisverydifferentfromthattowhichthisnamehasbeentraditionallyattached.Thereisdangerintheconfusedconditionwhichbringsthedefendersoflibertyandthetrueconservativestogetherincommonoppositiontodevelopmentswhichthreatentheiridealsequally.Itisthereforeimpor
5、tanttodistinguishclearlythepositiontakenherefromthatwhichhaslongbeenknown-perhapsmoreappropriately-asconservatism.Conservatismproperisalegitimate,probablynecessary,andcertainlywidespreadattitudeofoppositiontodrasticchange.Ithas,sincetheFrenchRevolution,foracenturyandahalfplay
6、edanimportantroleinEuropeanpolitics.Untiltheriseofsocialismitsoppositewasliberalism.ThereisnothingcorrespondingtothisconflictinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates,becausewhatinEuropewascalled"liberalism"washerethecommontraditiononwhichtheAmericanpolityhadbeenbuilt:thusthedefenderofth
7、eAmericantraditionwasaliberalintheEuropeansense.[2]ThisalreadyexistingconfusionwasmadeworsebytherecentattempttotransplanttoAmericatheEuropeantypeofconservatism,which,beingalientotheAmericantradition,hasacquiredasomewhatoddcharacter.Andsometimebeforethis,Americanradicalsandsoc
8、ialistsbegancallingthemselves"liberals."Iwillneverthelesscontinuefor