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1、AFREE-MARKETMONETARYSYSTEMAFREE-MARKETMONETARYSYSTEMFRIEDRICHA.HAYEKLudwigvonMisesInstituteAUBURN,ALABAMACopyright©2008LudwigvonMisesInstitutePermissionwasgrantedbytheNobelFoundationtoreproducethe“ThePretenceofKnowledge.”Copyright©1974TheNobelFoundationLudwigvonMisesInstitu
2、te518WestMagnoliaAvenueAuburn,Alabama36832U.S.A.www.mises.orgISBN:978-1-933550-37-4Aclaimforequalityofmaterialpositioncanbemetonlybeagovernmentwithtotalitarianpowers.F.A.HayekCONTENTSAFree-MarketMonetarySystem........7ThePretenseofKnowledge..........295AFREE-MARKETMONETARYS
3、YSTEMhenalittleovertwoyearsago,atthesecondLausanneConferenceofthisgroup,Ithrewout,almostasasortofbitterWjoke,thattherewasnohopeofeveragainhav-ingdecentmoney,unlesswetookfromgovernmentthemonopolyofissuingmoneyandhandeditovertoprivateindustry,Itookitonlyhalfseriously.Butthesu
4、gges-tionprovedextraordinarilyfertile.FollowingAlecturedeliveredattheGoldandMonetaryConference,NewOrleans,November10,1977.Itmadeitsfirstappear-anceinprintintheJournalofLibertarianStudies3,no1(Fall1979).710AFREE-MARKETMONETARYSYSTEMitupIdiscoveredthatIhadopenedapos-sibilityw
5、hichintwothousandyearsnosin-gleeconomisthadeverstudied.Therewerequiteanumberofpeoplewhohavesincetakenitupandwehavedevotedagreatdealofstudyandanalysistothispossibility.AsaresultIammoreconvincedthaneverthatifweeveragainaregoingtohaveadecentmoney,itwillnotcomefromgov-ernment:i
6、twillbeissuedbyprivateenter-prise,becauseprovidingthepublicwithgoodmoneywhichitcantrustandusecannotonlybeanextremelyprofitablebusi-ness;itimposesontheissueradisciplinetowhichthegovernmenthasneverbeenandcannotbesubject.Itisabusinesswhichcompetingenterprisecanmaintainonlyifit
7、givesthepublicasgoodamoneyasany-bodyelse.Now,fullytounderstandthis,wemustfreeourselvesfromwhatisawidespreadbutbasicallywrongbelief.UndertheGoldStandard,oranyothermetallicstandard,thevalueofmoneyisnotreallyderivedfromgold.Thefactis,thatthenecessityofredeemingthemoneytheyissu
8、eingold,placesupontheissuersadisciplinewhichforcesthemtocontrolthequantityofmoneyF
