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2、GREandApplicationArea
3、DouDou'sspace
4、OldLuiSpace当前分类：Argument参考材料Argument课堂讲义更新时间：2008-8-26 来源： 点击数：5764Argumentpreparingstrategies1，掌握基本逻辑知识；理解Criticalthinking2，熟读每一道题目3，学习体会闪光句型的使用4，大量阅读积累语言，形成各部分自己的写作模板5，列出每道题的写作提纲6，考前全文练习10－20篇Argument题目的结构：Evidence
5、→conclusionsupport审题的基本任务：分清论据和结论，看清推理关系 结论往往由表结果的连词引导，如：Therefore,thus,so,hence,consequently,evidently还有：Clearly,should，以及目的状语从句 论据的主要形式§ 事实Facts§ 统计Statistics§ 例子Examples§ 类比Analogies§ 对比Comparisons§ 权威Authorities(Exper
6、ts’opinions)§ 假设Assumptions 写作原则§ 逻辑方面：切中要害§ 语言方面：言简意赅§ 词汇：注意区分书面词汇和口语词汇§ 句式：多变，适度复杂 读题时需注意的地方§ 文章前后论据论点各自的讨论对象§ 限定成分（定语、状语、从句）§ 绝对化词汇：all,any,every,only,unique,most,best Argumentwritingsteps1，skimthetopicand
7、writetheintroduction浏览题目写开头段；2，inputtopicsentencesforbodyparagraphs为正文段落输入段首句；3，developbodyparagraphsonebyone逐一展开正文段落；4，writetheconclusion写结尾段；5，checking检查Howtowritetheintroductoryparagraph§ 复述原文结论§ 简要复述原文论据§ 指出论证过程存在缺陷 根据结论的不同性质采用不同动词引领：§
8、 万用动词：claim,assert,allege,state,contend,maintain§ 建议类结论：suggest,advise,advocate,propose§ 预言类结论：predict,forecast/foresee,project§ 表示期待，盼望：expect,anticipate Commonfallaciesintopics题目中的常见缺陷1，Survey调查数据类问题Survey/statistics/study/report/c
9、ensus/poll Procedureofatypicalsurvey§ Dividethegeneralgroupintoseveralsub-groups§ Analyzethepercentageofeachsub-groupinthegeneralgroup§ Randomlyselectsample 1)ProcedureofthesurveyA,selectivesample选择性样本A193§ Manyteacherswereactuallyex
10、cludedfromthesurvey.§ Theresultofthesurveylackscredibilitybecausethearguerfailstoincludeteachersinothersubjects.§ Theresultofthesurveylackscredibilityandthereforecouldnotlendstrongsupporttowhatthearguermaintains.§ Cause-effectfallacy:Thear
11、guerfailstoestablishthecausalrelationshipbetweenAandB§ homeworkfrequencyandthestudents’performance A238§ ThesurveydoesnotincludeallthegraduatesinMVC,thusitisalmostimpossibletoevaluatetheemp
