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1、首页
2、GREandApplicationArea
3、DouDou'sspace
4、OldLuiSpace当前分类:Argument参考材料Argument课堂讲义更新时间:2008-8-26 来源: 点击数:5764Argumentpreparingstrategies1,掌握基本逻辑知识;理解Criticalthinking2,熟读每一道题目3,学习体会闪光句型的使用4,大量阅读积累语言,形成各部分自己的写作模板5,列出每道题的写作提纲6,考前全文练习10-20篇Argument题目的结构:Evidence→conclusionsupport审
5、题的基本任务:分清论据和结论,看清推理关系 结论往往由表结果的连词引导,如:Therefore,thus,so,hence,consequently,evidently还有:Clearly,should,以及目的状语从句 论据的主要形式§ 事实Facts§ 统计Statistics§ 例子Examples§ 类比Analogies§ 对比Comparisons§ 权威Authorities(Experts’opinions)§ 假设Assumptions 写作原则
6、§ 逻辑方面:切中要害§ 语言方面:言简意赅§ 词汇:注意区分书面词汇和口语词汇§ 句式:多变,适度复杂 读题时需注意的地方§ 文章前后论据论点各自的讨论对象§ 限定成分(定语、状语、从句)§ 绝对化词汇:all,any,every,only,unique,most,best Argumentwritingsteps1,skimthetopicandwritetheintroduction浏览题目写开头段;2,inputtopicsentencesforbody
7、paragraphs为正文段落输入段首句;3,developbodyparagraphsonebyone逐一展开正文段落;4,writetheconclusion写结尾段;5,checking检查Howtowritetheintroductoryparagraph§ 复述原文结论§ 简要复述原文论据§ 指出论证过程存在缺陷 根据结论的不同性质采用不同动词引领:§ 万用动词:claim,assert,allege,state,contend,maintain§ 建议类结论:suggest,
8、advise,advocate,propose§ 预言类结论:predict,forecast/foresee,project§ 表示期待,盼望:expect,anticipate Commonfallaciesintopics题目中的常见缺陷1,Survey调查数据类问题Survey/statistics/study/report/census/poll Procedureofatypicalsurvey§ Dividethegeneralgroupintoseveralsub-groups§ A
9、nalyzethepercentageofeachsub-groupinthegeneralgroup§ Randomlyselectsample 1)ProcedureofthesurveyA,selectivesample选择性样本A193§ Manyteacherswereactuallyexcludedfromthesurvey.§ Theresultofthesurveylackscredibilitybecausethearguerfailstoincludeteachersinothersubje
10、cts.§ Theresultofthesurveylackscredibilityandthereforecouldnotlendstrongsupporttowhatthearguermaintains.§ Cause-effectfallacy:ThearguerfailstoestablishthecausalrelationshipbetweenAandB§ homeworkfrequencyandthestudents’performance A238§ Thesurveydoesnot
11、includeallthegraduatesinMVC,thusitisalmostimpossibletoevaluatetheemp