操纵学派翻译理论的分析和运用

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1、ABSTR矗CTBoastingalonghistory,westerntranslationstudiescouldbedividedintotwocategories；namely,linguistictranslationstudiesandliteraryandartistictranslationstudies(TanZaixi2004：6)．WhiletheformertakesthelanguageequivalenceatallIevelsasitscore。thelatterrecognizesthecreativityintranslation《Ibid。，

2、甾．Thefloudshingtheoriesintranslationstudiesinrecentth；rtyyears．especiallyinliteraryandartistictranslationstudies，encouragethemultiplicationofcommentsonthem，Butfewacademicworksaredevotedtoasystematicanalysisofthelatesttranslationtheories，letalonetheirapplication．Thepresentstudywill，therefore，

3、methodicallyexaminethosetheoriesandtheirapplication．Manipulationtheodeshavetakenaleadingroleintranslationstudies；theyirltroducednewapproachestotheprocessofarialysis．Thepresentstudyoffersanoverviewofthemanipulationschool，includingtheemergenceoftheschool，themajoreventsinitslifeandworks，aswella

4、sitsconsiderableinfluencearoundtheworld．Thispapertreatsthemanipulationthecciesinthreestages；搬越is，fromprescriptiveapproachtodescriptiveapproach，fromlanguageleveltoculturallevel，andfromtheoriginaltextandauthortothetranslationandtranslator．Highlightedisthebreakthroughintranslationstudiesthemani

5、pulationschoolaccomplished．Thepresentstudylikewisedemonstratesthevalidityofthemanipulationtheoriesthroughtheanalysisofseventy-sixexamplesatthelevelofwordsandexpressions．Descdptiveandsystematicapproachesofthemanipulationtheoriesareadopted，andtherolesoftranslationsandtranslatorsaresingledoutfo

6、rattention．Theanalysishelpstoprovethat“alltranslationimpliesadegreeofmanipulationofthesourcetextforacertainpurpose"(Hermanst985：11)andthuscontributestothedevelopmentofthelatesttranslationtheories．Thisthesisiscomposedoffour妫apters。6ChapterOneintroducesthebackgroundofcurrenttranslationstudiesa

7、ndtheaimofthepresentstudy．Areviewofthelatesttranslationtheoneslaysafoundationforthechaptersthatfollow．Twosubmitsanoverviewofthemanipulalionschoolandthemanipulationtheories．SectionOneproves蜘atthe"manipuJationschooFmtheappropdatenameforthescholarsemp