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《molecular basis of cancer：肿瘤的分子基础》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、MolecularBasisofCancerHistoricalBackground:Cancerisaveryolddiseasethatwasdescribedasfarbackas4000B.C.TherearepicturesonthewallsofEgyptiantombsshowingpeoplewithtumorsondifferentpartsoftheirbodies.SurgicalremovaloftumorsisillustratedonAncientEgyptianpapyrus.Intheer
2、aofGreekscienceadvancement,thewordcancerwasfirstintroduced,andisactuallyanancientGreekwordmeaningacrab.TheMiddleAgeswitnessedtheemergenceoftheideaofhereditaryformofthedisease,asitwasthoughtofasafamilialdisease.Itwasn'ttillmuchlater,untilthediscoveryofthemicroscop
3、ethatweunderstoodthediseaseasanemerginggroupfromourowncells,butthequestionstilllingered,howdoesitoriginate?Therewerethreemaintheories,onethatitarisesfromexternal,possiblyenvironmentalfactors,thesecondthatitisaninheriteddiseaseandthethirdisthatitisaninfectiousdise
4、ase.AdvancesinourunderstandingoftheroleofcarcinogensstartedasfarbackastheSeventeenthCentury.SirPercivalPottswasabletoidentifythefirstcarcinogenbenzo[a]pyreneasacausativeagentforscrotalcancerinchimneyworkers.Thiswasfollowedunveilingothercarcinogensincludingsomeend
5、ogenouschemicalssuchEstrogensandotherhormonesascausativeagentsforseveralcancers.ThelatenineteenthCenturyandTwentiethcenturywitnessedourunderstandingofcanceratacellularlevel.Theprocessofinitiationandprogression,andtheconceptsofmutagenesis,malignancy,metastasisandn
6、eoplasiawerestudied.Manyadvancesincancerchemotherapyfollowedandwewerefinallyabletofullyunderstandthecellularmechanismofcancer,butwhatremainedmissingwasourunderstandingoftheeventsthatactuallygivesrisetocancer,namelythemolecularmechanismofcancer.Itistheyear1909,apo
7、stdocnamedPeytonRouspresentshisworkthatdeducesthatavirusisresponsibleforachickensarcoma.Hisworkisdismissedbyhispeersandthescientificcommunity,whowerejustgettingtunedintothecellularconceptofcancer.Thisworkremainedlargelyignored,untilitwaspresentedagainin1955,byamo
8、reconfidentRous.Hisideasareacceptedthistimearound,thevirusnamedRousSarcomavirusandheislaterawardedtheNoblePrize.TheRousSarcomavirusisaretrovirusthatiscomposedo
