Colors with Functions Elucidating the Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Carotenoid Metabolism

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1、NU30CH03-vonLintigARI7July20102:40ColorswithFunctions:ElucidatingtheBiochemicalandMolecularBasisofCarotenoidMetabolismJohannesvonLintigDepartmentofPharmacology,SchoolofMedicine,CaseWesternReserveUniversity,Cleveland,Ohio44106-4965;email:jxv99@case.eduAnnu.Rev.Nu

2、tr.2010.30:35–56KeyWordsFirstpublishedonlineasaReviewinAdvanceoncarotenoid-oxygenases,retinoids,nuclearreceptors,vision,lipidApril20,2010transport,lipidmetabolismTheAnnualReviewofNutritionisonlineatnutr.annualreviews.orgAbstractThisarticle’sdoi:Carotenoidsaffect

3、arichvarietyofphysiologicalfunctionsinnatureand10.1146/annurev-nutr-080508-141027arebeneficialforhumanhealth,servingasantioxidantsinlipophilicen-byKunmingInstituteofZoologyon04/30/11.Forpersonaluseonly.Annu.Rev.Nutr.2010.30:35-56.Downloadedfromwww.annualreviews.o

4、rgCopyrightc2010byAnnualReviews.vironmentsandbluelightfiltersinthemaculaofhumanretina.TheseAllrightsreserveddietarycompoundsalsoserveasprecursorsofauniquesetofapo-0199-9885/10/0821-0035$20.00carotenoidcleavageproducts,includingretinoids.Althoughknowledgeaboutret

5、inoidbiologyhastremendouslyincreased,themetabolismofretinoids’parentprecursorsremainspoorlyunderstood.Recently,molecularplayersincarotenoidmetabolismhavebeenidentifiedandbiochemicallycharacterized.Moreover,mutationsintheircorrespond-inggenesimpaircarotenoidmetabo

6、lismandinducevariouspathologiesinanimalmodels.Polymorphismsinthesegenesaltercarotenoidandretinoidhomeostasisinhumansaswell.Thisreviewsummarizesourcurrentknowledgeaboutthemolecular/biochemicalbasisofcarotenoidmetabolismandparticularlythephysiologicalroleofcaroten

7、oidsinretinoid-dependentphysiologicalprocesses.35NU30CH03-vonLintigARI7July20102:40considerableamountsofcarotenoids.Physio-ContentslogicalfunctionsattributedtothesecompoundsareassociatedwiththeircapabilitytoactasINTRODUCTION..................36antioxidants,e.g.,

8、asfreeradicalscavengers,DROSOPHILAMELANOGASTERinlipophilicenvironmentssuchasmembranesISANEXCELLENTMODELandlipoproteins(forreview,see23).Addi-TOSTUDYCAROTENOIDtionally