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1、LifeintheUnitedKingdom:AJourneytoCitizenshipChapter2.AChangingSocietyMigrationtoBritainManypeoplelivinginBritaintodayhavetheiroriginsinothercountries.TheycantracetheirrootstoregionsthroughouttheworldsuchasEurope,theMiddleEast,Africa,AsiaandtheCaribbean.Inthedistantpast,invade
2、rscametoBritain,seizedlandandstayed.Morerecently,peoplecametoBritaintofindsafety,jobsandabetterlife.Britainisproudofitstraditionofofferingsafetytopeoplewhoareescapingpersecutionandhardship.Forexample,inthe16thand18thcenturies,Huguenots(FrenchProtestants)cametoBritaintoescaper
3、eligiouspersecutioninFrance.Inthemid-1840stherewasaterriblefamineinIrelandandmanyIrishpeoplemigratedtoBritain.ManyIrishmenbecamelabourersandhelpedtobuildcanalsandrailwaysacrossBritain.From1880to1910,alargenumberofJewishpeoplecametoBritaintoescaperacistattacks(called"pogroms")
4、inwhatwasthencalledtheRussianEmpireandfromthecountriesnowcalledPoland,UkraineandBelarus.Migrationsince1945AftertheSecondWorldWar(1939-45),therewasahugetaskofrebuildingBritain.Therewerenotenoughpeopletodothework,sotheBritishgovernmentencouragedworkersfromIrelandandotherpartsof
5、EuropetocometotheUKtohelpwiththereconstruction.In1948,peoplefromtheWestIndieswerealsoinvitedtocomeandwork.Duringthe1950s,therewasstillashortageoflabourintheUK.TheUKencouragedimmigrationinthe1950sforeconomicreasonsandmanyindustriesadvertisedforworkersfromoverseas.Forexamples,c
6、entresweresetupintheWestIndiestorecruitpeopletodrivebuses.TextileandengineeringfirmsfromthenorthofEnglandandtheMidlandssentagentstoIndiaandPakistantofindworkers.Forabout25years,peoplefromtheWestIndies,India,Pakistan,andlaterBangladesh,travelledtoworkandsettleinBritain.Thenumb
7、erofpeoplemigratingfromtheseareasfellinthelate1960sbecausethegovernmentpassednewlawstorestrictimmigrationtoBritain,althoughimmigrantsfrom"old"CommonwealthcountriessuchasAustralia,NewZealandandCanadadidnothavetofacesuchstrictcontrols.Duringthistime,however,Britaindidadmit28,00
8、0peopleofIndianoriginwhohadbeenforcedtoleaveUgandaand22,000refugeesf
