lifeintheuk中英文双语对照版chapter4.howtheunitedkingdomisgoverned

lifeintheuk中英文双语对照版chapter4.howtheunitedkingdomisgoverned

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时间:2019-02-16

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1、LifeintheUnitedKingdom:AJourneytoCitizenshipChapter4.HowtheUnitedKingdomisgovernedTheBritishConstitutionAsaconstitutionaldemocracy,theUnitedKingdomisgovernedbyawiderangeofinstitutions,manyofwhichprovidechecksoneachother'spowers.Mostoftheseinstitutionsareoflongst

2、anding:theyincludethemonarchy,Parliament,(consistingoftheHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords),theofficeofthePrimeMinister,theCabinet,thejudiciary,thepolice,thecivilservice,andtheinstitutionsoflocalgovernment.Morerecently,devolvedadministrationshavebeensetupforScotl

3、and,WalesandNorthernIreland.Together,theseformalinstitutions,lawsandconventionsformtheBritishConstitution.Somepeoplewouldarguethattherolesofotherlessformalinstitutions,suchasthemediaandpressuregroups,shouldalsobeseenaspartoftheConstitution.TheBritishConstitution

4、isnotwrittendowninanysingledocument,asaretheconstitutionsofmanyothercountries.ThisismainlybecausetheUnitedKingdomhasneverhadalastingrevolution,likeAmericaorFrance,soourmostimportantinstitutionshavebeeninexistenceforhundredsofyears.Somepeoplebelievethatthereshoul

5、dbeasingledocument,butothersbelievethatanunwrittenconstitutionallowsmorescopeforinstitutionstoadapttomeetchangingcircumstancesandpublicexpectations.ThemonarchyQueenElizabethIIistheHeadofStateoftheUnitedKingdom.SheisalsothemonarchorHeadofStateformanycountriesinth

6、eCommonwealth.TheUK,likeDenmark,theNetherlands,Norway,SpainandSweden,hasaconstitutionalmonarchy.ThatmeansthattheKingorQueendoesnotrulethecountry,butappointsthegovernmentwhichthepeoplehavechosenindemocraticelections.Althoughthequeenorkingcanadvise,warnandencourag

7、ethePrimeMinister,thedecisionsongovernmentpoliciesaremadebythePrimeMinisterandCabinet.TheQueenhasreignedsinceherfather'sdeathin1952.PrinceCharles,thePrinceofWales,heroldestson,istheheirtothethrone.TheQueenhasimportantceremonialrolessuchastheopeningofthenewparlia

8、mentarysessioneachyear.OnthisoccasiontheQueenmakesaspeechthatsummarisesthegovernment'spoliciesfortheyearahead.GovernmentThesystemofgovernmentintheUnitedKingdomisaparl

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