学术英语[社科]听力原文和翻译

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1、完美.格式.编辑1.Unit1Businessesarestructuredindifferentwaystomeetdifferentneeds.Thesimplestformofbusinessiscalledanindividualorsoleproprietorship.Theproprietor(经营者)ownsallofthepropertyofthebusinessandisresponsibleforeverything.Forlegalpurposes,withthiskindofbusiness,theownerandthecompany

2、arethesame.Thismeansthattheproprietorgetstokeepalloftheprofitsofthebusiness,butalsomustpayanydebts.Anotherkindofbusinessisthepartnership.Twoormorepeoplegointobusinesstogether.Anagreementisusuallyneededtodecidehowmuchofthepartnershipeachpersoncontrols.Onekindofpartnershipiscalledali

3、mitedliabilitypartnership.Thesehavefullpartnersandlimitedpartners.Limitedpartnersmaynotshareasmuchintheprofits,buttheyalsohavelessresponsibilitiesforthebusiness.Doctors,lawyersandaccountantsoftenformpartnershipstosharetheirrisksandprofits.Ahusbandandwifecanformabusinesspartnershipt

4、ogether.Partnershipsexistonlyforaslongastheownersremainalive.Thesameistrueofindividualproprietorships.专业.资料.整理完美.格式.编辑Butcorporationsaredesignedtohaveanunlimitedlifetime.Acorporationisthemostcomplexkindofbusinessorganization.Corporationscansellstockasawaytoraisemoney.Stockrepresent

5、ssharesofownershipinacompany.Investorswhobuystockcantradetheirsharesorkeepthemaslongasthecompanyisinbusiness.Acompanymightusesomeofitsearningstopaydividends(红利)asarewardtoshareholders.Orthecompanymightreinvestthemoneyintothebusiness.Ifshareslosevalue,investorscanloseallofthemoneyth

6、eypaidfortheirstock.Butshareholdersarenotresponsibleforthedebtsofthecorporation.Acorporationisrecognizedasanentity(实体)——itsownlegalbeing,separatefromitsowners.Aboardofdirectorscontrolcorporatepolicies.Thedirectorsappointtopcompanyofficers.Thedirectorsmightormightnotholdsharesinthec

7、orporation.Ifshareslosevalue,investorscanloseallofthemoneytheypaidfortheirstock.Butnotallcorporationsaretraditionalbusinessesthatsellstock.Somenonprofitgroupsarealsoorganizedascorporations.2.Unit2专业.资料.整理完美.格式.编辑InthepastthreeweekIhaveintroducedyoutotheideasandmethodsofeconomics.In

8、thenextweek,wewillstartlea