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1、Unit11.Whatdoescovenantmean?describetheoldcovenantandthenew.TheOldCovenantisthefirstsectionoftheChristianBible,basedprimarilyupontheHebrewBible,acollectionofreligiouswritingsbyancientIsraelites.ItisthecounterparttotheNewCovenant,theChristianBible'ssecondsection.Itincludessuchdiversematerialsasp
2、ropheticoracles,teachingsofwisemen,instructionsofpriestsandancientrecordsoftheroyalcourts.Somematerialishistorical,someislegendary;someislegalistic,someisdidactic.ThebooksoftheOldCovenantcanbebroadlydividedintoseveralsections:1)thefirstfivebooksorPentateuch(Torah);2)thehistorybookstellingthehis
3、toryoftheIsraelites,fromtheirconquestofCanaantotheirdefeatandexileinBabylon;3)thepoeticand"Wisdom"booksdealing,invariousforms,withquestionsofgoodandevilintheworld;4)andthebooksofthebiblicalprophets,warningoftheconsequencesofturningawayfromGod.TheNewCovenantisthesecondmajorpartoftheChristianbibl
4、icalcanon,thefirstpartbeingtheOldCovenant,whichisbasedontheHebrewBible.TheGreekNewCovenantdiscussestheteachingsandpersonofJesus,aswellaseventsinfirst-centuryChristianity.AlthoughChristiansholddifferentviewsfromJewsabouttheHebrewscripturesoftheOldCovenant,ChristiansregardboththeOldandNewCovenant
5、stogetherassacredscripture.TheNewCovenant(inwholeorinpart)hasfrequentlyaccompaniedthespreadofChristianityaroundtheworld.ItreflectsandservesasasourceforChristiantheologyandmorality.BothextendedreadingsandphrasesdirectlyfromtheNewCovenantarealsoincorporated(alongwithreadingsfromtheOldCovenant)int
6、othevariousChristianliturgies.TheNewCovenanthasinfluencedreligious,philosophical,andpoliticalmovementsinChristendom,andleftanindeliblemarkonitsliterature,art,andmusic.TheNewCovenantisananthology,acollectionofChristianworkswritteninthecommonGreeklanguageofthefirstcentury,atdifferenttimesbyvariou
7、swriters,whowereearlyJewishdisciplesofJesus.InalmostallChristiantraditionstoday,theNewCovenantconsistsof27books.2.Whatisthemeaningoftheoriginalsin?Originalsin,alsocalledancestralsin,istheChristiandoctrineofhumanity'sstateofsinresu