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ID:31285874
大小:12.84 MB
页数:13页
时间:2019-01-06
《中考英语总复习专题十二构词法课件》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、专题十二构词法1.概念:构词法是指研究词形变化规则的方法。2.分类:合成法、转化法、派生法、缩写法和简写法。考点归纳考点一:合成法合成法就是把两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列构成新词的方法。用此法构成的词叫复合词。复合词主要包括复合名词、复合代词、复合形容词和复合副词等。1.复合名词:(1)名词+动词headache,daybreak(2)动词+名词playground,postcard(3)名词+名词basketball,classroom(4)形容词+名词blackboard,grandfather(5)动名词+名词waiting-room,sitting-roo
2、m考点梳理2.复合代词:(1)some(any,every,no)+body:somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody(2)some(any,every,no)+thing:something,anything,everything,nothing3.复合形容词有:man-made,kind-hearted,hard-working4.复合副词有:upstairs,downstairs,everywhere,maybe等。另外,复合动词有understand,复合介词有without等。考点梳理1.Pleasefollowtheclassrule
3、.Don’teatinthe.A.classroomB.livingroomC.bedroomD.dininghall2.Didyoudoforyourmotheronherbirthday?A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.anything考点自测AD考点二:转化法转化法就是将某些单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词方法。词性转化有以下几种情况:1.名词→动词如:There’salotofraininthiscountry.这个国家多雨。It’sstillrainingnow.现在还在下雨。2.动词→名词如:Whatareyoutalk
4、ingabout?你们在谈论什么?Therewillbeatalknextweek.下周会有一场演讲。3.形容词→动词如:Theclassroomisnotclean.教室不干净。Youmustcleanittomorrow.你明天必须打扫。考点梳理1.TheGreatWallismorethan6,000liin.A.longB.lengthC.wideD.height2.—Doesitoftenhereinwinter?—Yes,thereismuch.A.snow;snowyB.snowing;snowyC.snows;snowingD.snow;snow考点自测B
5、D考点梳理考点三:派生法派生法就是将前,后缀附加到某些词上构成新词的方法。初中英语主要有以下几种前、后缀:前缀例词re-retell,returnun-unlike,unusualdis-dislike,disagreeim-impossible,impolitein-incorrect,incompleteir-irregular,irresponsible后缀例词-erworker,teacher-eseChinese,Japanese-ed或(-d)interested,pleased-fulcareful,forgetful-ingbuilding,surpris
6、ing-lesscareless,hopeless-lyfriendly,quickly考点梳理-nesshappiness,business-oroperator,inventor-ousdangerous,humorous-tyseventy,ninety-thtenth,eleventh-tionoperation,congratulation-ycloudy,lucky-mentagreement,movement考点梳理(续表)另外,初中英语由前、后缀构成的新词还有difference,enjoyable,mistake,television,asleep等。1
7、.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohisisheavierthanMountTai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death2.It’sofyoutoshoutatyourparents.Youshouldn’tdolikethat.A.politeB.kindC.impoliteD.friendlyDC考点自测考点四:缩写和简写1.缩写指把单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。(1)截头telephone→phone,aeroplane→plane(2)去
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