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1、ContextWilliamBlakewasborninLondonin1757.Hisfather,ahosier,soonrecognizedhisson'sartistictalentsandsenthimtostudyatadrawingschoolwhenhewastenyearsold.At14,WilliamaskedtobeapprenticedtotheengraverJamesBasire,underwhosedirectionhefurtherdevelopedhisinnateskills.As
2、ayoungmanBlakeworkedasanengraver,illustrator,anddrawingteacher,andmetsuchartistsasHenryFuseliandJohnFlaxman,aswellasSirJoshuaReynolds,whoseclassicizingstylehewouldlatercometoreject.Blakewrotepoemsduringthistimeaswell,andhisfirstprintedcollection,animmatureandrat
3、herderivativevolumecalledPoeticalSketches,appearedin1783.SongsofInnocencewaspublishedin1789,followedbySongsofExperiencein1793andacombinededitionthenextyearbearingthetitleSongsofInnocenceandExperienceshowingtheTwoContraryStatesoftheHumanSoul.Blake'spoliticalradic
4、alismintensifiedduringtheyearsleadinguptotheFrenchRevolution.Hebeganaseven-bookpoemabouttheRevolution,infact,butitwaseitherdestroyedornevercompleted,andonlythefirstbooksurvives.HedisapprovedofEnlightenmentrationalism,ofinstitutionalizedreligion,andofthetradition
5、ofmarriageinitsconventionallegalandsocialform(thoughhewasmarriedhimself).HisunorthodoxreligiousthinkingowesadebttotheSwedishphilosopherEmmanuelSwedenborg(1688-1772),whoseinfluenceisparticularlyevidentinBlake'sTheMarriageofHeavenandHell.Inthe1790sandafter,heshift
6、edhispoeticvoicefromthelyrictothepropheticmode,andwroteaseriesoflongpropheticbooks,includingMiltonandJerusalem.LinkedtogetherbyanintricatemythologyandsymbolismofBlake'sowncreation,thesebookspropoundarevolutionarynewsocial,intellectual,andethicalorder.Blakepublis
7、hedalmostallofhisworkshimself,byanoriginalprocessinwhichthepoemswereetchedbyhand,alongwithillustrationsanddecorativeimages,ontocopperplates.Theseplateswereinkedtomakeprints,andtheprintswerethencoloredinwithpaint.Thisexpensiveandlabor-intensiveproductionmethodres
8、ultedinaquitelimitedcirculationofBlake'spoetryduringhislife.IthasalsoposedaspecialsetofchallengestoscholarsofBlake'swork,whichhasinterestedbothliterarycriticsandarthi
