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1、PublicOpinionWalterLippmanChapterITHEWORLDOUTSIDEANDTHEPICTURESINOURHEADS1Thereisanislandintheoceanwherein1914afewEnglishmen,Frenchmen,andGermanslived.Nocablereachesthatisland,andtheBritishmailsteamercomesbutonceinsixtydays.InSeptemberithadnotyetcome,andtheislanderswerestilltalkingaboutthelates
2、tnewspaperwhichtoldabouttheapproachingtrialofMadameCaillauxfortheshootingofGastonCalmette.Itwas,therefore,withmorethanusualeagernessthatthewholecolonyassembledatthequayonadayinmid-Septembertohearfromthecaptainwhattheverdicthadbeen.TheylearnedthatforoversixweeksnowthoseofthemwhowereEnglishandtho
3、seofthemwhowereFrenchhadbeenfightinginbehalfofthesanctityoftreatiesagainstthoseofthemwhowereGermans.Forsixstrangeweekstheyhadactedasiftheywerefriends,wheninfacttheywereenemies.ButtheirplightwasnotsodifferentfromthatofmostofthepopulationofEurope.Theyhadbeenmistakenforsixweeks,onthecontinentthein
4、tervalmayhavebeenonlysixdaysorsixhours.Therewasaninterval.TherewasamomentwhenthepictureofEuropeonwhichmenwereconductingtheirbusinessasusual,didnotinanywaycorrespondtotheEuropewhichwasabouttomakeajumbleoftheirlives.Therewasatimeforeachmanwhenhewasstilladjustedtoanenvironmentthatnolongerexisted.A
5、llovertheworldaslateasJuly25thmenweremakinggoodsthattheywouldnotbeabletoship,buyinggoodstheywouldnotbeabletoimport,careerswerebeingplanned,enterprisescontemplated,hopesandexpectationsentertained,allinthebeliefthattheworldasknownwastheworldasitwas.Menwerewritingbooksdescribingthatworld.Theytrust
6、edthepictureintheirheads.Andthenoverfouryearslater,onaThursdaymorning,camethenewsofanarmistice,andpeoplegaveventtotheirunutterablereliefthattheslaughterwasover.Yetinthefivedaysbeforetherealarmisticecame,thoughtheendofthewarhadbeencelebrated,severalthousandyoungmendiedonthebattlefields.Lookingba
7、ckwecanseehowindirectlyweknowtheenvironmentinwhichneverthelesswelive.Wecanseethatthenewsofitcomestousnowfast,nowslowly;butthatwhateverwebelievetobeatruepicture,wetreatasifitweretheenvironmentitself.Itishardertorememberthataboutthe
