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1、.UnitOneTextA:HippocraticOath,TheMedicalIdeal1.Perhapsthemostenduring---certainlythemostquoted---traditioninthehistoryofmedicineistheHippocraticOath.NamedafterthefamousGreekphysicianHippocrates,thisoathwaswrittenasaguidelineforthemedicalethicsofdoctors.Althoughtheexactwor
2、dshavechangedovertime,thegeneralcontentisthesame-anoathtorespectthosewhohaveimpartedtheirknowledgeuponthescienceofmedicine,andrespecttothepatientsaswellasthepromisetotreatthemtothebestofthephysicians'ability.或许在医学史上最持久的,被引用最多次的誓言就是”希波克拉底誓言”.这个以古希腊著名医师希波克拉底命名的誓言,被作为医师道德伦理的
3、指导纲领.虽然随着时代的变迁,准确的文字已不可考,但誓言的主旨却始终如一——尊敬那些将毕生知识奉献于医学科学的人,尊重病人,尊重医师尽己所能治愈病人的承诺。WhowasHippocrates,andDidheWritetheOath?2.Foramanconsideredbymanytobethe'FatherofMedicine',littleisknownaboutHippocratesofCos.Helivedcirca460-380BC,andwasthecontemporaryofSocratesaswellasapractis
4、ingphysician.Hewascertainlyheldtobethemostfamousphysicianandteacherofmedicineinhistime.Over60treatisesofmedicine,calledtheHippocraticCorpushavebeenattributedtohim;however,thesetreatiseshadconflictingcontentsandwerewrittensometimebetween510and300BC,andthereforecouldnotallh
5、avebeenwrittenbyhim.作为被大家公认的”医学之父”,我们对希波克拉底知之甚少.他生活于约公元前460-380年,作为一名职业医师,与苏格拉底是同代人.在他的时代,他被推举为当时最著名的医师和医学教育者.收录了超过60篇论文的专著——希波克拉底文集,被归于他的名下;但是其中有些论文的内容主旨相冲突,并成文于公元前510-300年,所以不可能都是出自他之手.3.TheOathwasnamedafterHippocrates,certainly,althoughitspenmanshipisstillinquestion.Ac
6、cordingtoauthoritiesinmedicalhistory,thecontentsoftheoathsuggestthatitwaspennedduringthe4thCenturyBC,whichmakesitpossiblethatHippocrateshadhimselfwrittenit.Anyway,regardlessofwhetherornotHippocrateshimselfhadwrittentheHippocraticOath,thecontentsoftheoathreflecthisviewsonm
7、edicalethics.这个宣言是以希波克拉底命名的,虽然它的作者依然存在疑问。根据医学历史权威的看法,这个宣言的内容是在公元前四世纪起草的,这使希波克拉底自己起草这个宣言成为可能。无论如何,不管是否是希波克拉底自己起草的(希波克拉底宣言),这个宣言的内容都反映了他在医学伦理上的看法。FromMedicalIdealtoStandardEthicsGuidelines4.TheHippocraticOathwasnotverywellreceivedwhenitwasfirstpenned,beingarepresentationofo
8、nlyaminorsegmentofGreekopinionatthetime.However,by-..theendofancienttimes,physiciansbeganconform