形合与意合学生用材料

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1、EmploymentofConversion&DivisionforaHypotacticVs.ParatacticAnalysisBetweenEnglishandChinese“西洋语的结构好像违还，虽则环与环都联络起来，毕竟有联络的痕迹；中国语的结构好像无缝天衣,只是一块一块的硬凑，凑起来还不让他有痕迹。西洋语法是硬的，没有弹性的；屮M语法是软的，富于弹性的。惟其是硬的，所以西洋语法有许多呆板的要求，如每一个clause里必须有一个主语；惟其是软的，所以中国语法只以达意为主，相关的两家是可以硬凑在一起，不用任何

2、的connectiveword.”一一王力BinaryOppositionsbetweenEnglish&Chinese英语：刚性，显性衔接，语法型，立体性，聚焦型汉语：柔性，隐性衔接，语用型，平面性，流散型MostImportantly:形合（hypotaxis）vs•意合（parataxis）形合（Hypotaxis）Thedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipwithconnectives.意合（Parataxis）Thearrangingofclaus

3、esoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem.KeyDifference-useofconnectives（连词）Relativepronoun（关系代词）Relativeadverb（关系副词）Coordinator（并列连接词）Subordinator（从属连接词）Overtcohesionvs.Covertcohesion显性连接vs.隐性连接PutthefollowingsentencesintoproperChinese.

4、Hehadadisconcertinghabit^/expressingcontradictoryideasinrapidsuccession.ThiswasanintelligentlyorganizedandferventmeetinginapackedTownHall，withMr.Stronginthechair.Shesaid,withperfecttruth，that“itmustbedelightfultohaveabrother，’’andeasilygotthepityoftender-hearte

5、dAmelia，./brbeingaloneintheworld,anorphanwithoutfriendsorkindred.Thereisnothingmoredisappointingtoahostesswhohasgonetoalotoftroubleorexpensethantohaveherguestsointerestedintalkingpoliticsorbusinesswithherhusbandthathefailstonoticetheflavorofthecoffee，thelightne

6、ssofthecake,ortheattractivenessofthehouse,whichmaybeherchiefinterestandpride.RelativityofHypotaxisandParataxisManproposes，Goddisposes.谋事在人，成事在天。Longabsent,soonforgotten.别久情疏Nothingventured，nothinggained.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。Pennywise，poundfoolish.小事聪明，大事糊涂。不打不相识。Outofblow

7、sfriendshipgrows./Nodiscord,noconcord.敌进我退，敌驻我扰，敌疲我打，敌退我追。Theenemyadvances，weretreat;theenemycamps,weharass;theenemytires，weattack;theenemyretreats，wepursue.“Thereiscertainlytoomuchpepperinthatsoup!’’Alicesaidtoherself,aswellasshecouldforsneezing.Thereiscertain

8、lytoomuchofitintheair.EventheDuchesssneezedoccasionally;andasforthebaby，itwassneezingandhowlingalternatelywithoutamoment’spause.Theonlytwocreaturesinthekitchenthatdidnotsnee