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1、第二章医学模式Medicalmodel哈尔滨医科大学社会医学教研室内容Contents医学模式概念及其演变生物心理社会医学模式与健康观生物心理社会医学模式对医学和社会的作用DefinitionandevolutionofmedicalmodelBio－psycho-socialmedicalmodelanditsviewsofhealthImpactofbio－psycho－socialmedicalmodelonmedicineandsociety一、医学模式概念及其演变ConceptandEvolutio
2、nofmedicalmodel1.社会医学:模式ModelinSocialMedicineInitially,conceptofmathematicallogicHighlysimplifiedtheoreticalthinkingofthefundamentalnatureofmedicalpracticeAbstractmodel(orconceptualmodel)最初是数理逻辑概念，即用系统中的一系列公式来表达形式逻辑理论人类在与疾病抗争和认识自身生命过程中得出的对医学本质的高度概括抽象的思想观念和思
3、维方法2.医学模式MedicalModelNaturalisticandPhilosophicalviewandmethodology.Inlinewiththeviewpointandmethodofmaterialismanddialecticstoobserve,analysisandcopewiththeissuesrelatedtothehealthanddiseases.Thecoreofmedicalmodelistheviewpointofmedicine,itmainlydealswitht
4、heattribute,function,structureandthelawofmedicaldevelopment以医学为对象的自然观和方法论，即按照唯物论和辩证法的观点和方法去观察、分析和处理有关人类的健康和疾病问题。核心是医学观，研究医学的属性、职能、结构和发展规律。TheroleofMedicalmodel?ThesoulofsocialmedicineGuidingprincipleTheoryaswellasmethodologytowardsHealthanddisease3.医学模式的演变过
5、程EvolutionofMedicalModel：神灵主义的医学模式(Spiritualismmedicalmodel)自然哲学的医学模式(Naturephilosophicalmedicalmodel)机械论的医学模式(Mechanisticmedicalmodel)生物医学模式(Biomedicalmodel)生物—心理—社会医学模式(Bio-psycho-socialmedicalmodel)。a.神灵主义医学模式Spiritualismmedicalmodel Howtolookathealthand
6、disease?LifeandhealthisbestowedbytheGodDiseaseiscausedbysupernaturalpowersOnceoffendthegods,ordisfavoredbythegods,diseaseisintheformofthepunishmentbythegodsPossessionofevilspirits,demonsormonstersetc生命和健康由神所赐；疾病是由超自然的力量所引起的；人触犯神灵时，疾病代表神灵的惩罚；疾病是妖魔鬼怪附体。Strate
7、gy1: drivetheevilspiritawayThenativesofNewBritainascribesickness,drought,thefailureofcrops,misfortunes,totheinfluenceofwickedspirits.whenmanypeoplesickenanddie,theinhabitantsofadistrict,armedwithbranchesandclubs,gooutbymoonlighttothefields,wheretheybeatands
8、tamponthegroundwithwildhowlstillmorning,believingthatthisdrivesawaythedevils;theyrushthroughthevillagewithburningtorches.SpiritualismmedicalmodelTreatment:PraytoGodandspiritsforbless,forgiveness&theirp
