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1、Guncultureisaculturesharedbypeopleinthegunpoliticsdebate,generallythosewhoadvocatepreservinggunrightsandwhoaregenerallyagainstmoreguncontrol.IntheUnitedStates,thetermisusedsolelytoidentifygunadvocateswhoarelegitimateandlegalownersandusersofguns,usinggunsforselfdefen
2、se,sportinguses(hunting),andrecreationaluses(targetshooting).InplaceswherethoserightshavebeenlostsuchastheUKandAustralia,"gunculture"referstotheuseofgunsbycriminals(astheyaretheoneswhoremainarmed).AccordingtopoliticalscientistRobertSpitzer,theAmericanguncultureasite
3、xiststodayisfoundedonthreefactors;theproliferationoffirearmssincetheearliestdaysofthenation,theconnectionbetweenpersonalownershipofweaponsandthecountry'srevolutionaryandfrontierhistory,andtheculturalmythologyregardingtheguninthefrontierandinmodernlife.Spitzerwritest
4、hat:TwoelementsofthemodernAmericangunculturehavesurvivedsincetheearliestdaysofthecountry:thehunting/sportingethosthemilitia/frontierethosTheHunting/SportingethosemergedwhenAmericawasanagrariannationinwhichhuntingwasavaluablesourceofsupplyingfoodforsettlers,gunswerea
5、meansofprotectionfromanimalpredators,andthemarketforfurscouldprovideasourceofincome.Acquiringshootingskillswasconnectedwithsurvival,andacquiringtheseskillswasa"riteofpassage"forboysenteringmanhood.Theroleofgunsasmarksofmaturitypersiststothisday.Today,huntingsurvives
6、asacentralcomponentofthegunculture,althoughsomepredictthat"huntingheritage"maydisappearinthetwenty-firstcentury.TheMilitia/FrontierethosemergedfromearlyAmericans'dependenceontheirwitsandskilltoprotectthemselvesfromhostileNativeAmericansandforeignarmies.Survivaldepen
7、deduponeveryonecarryingaweapon(excludingblacks,andinalargepart,women).InthelateEighteenthCentury,therewasneitherthemoneynormanpowertomaintainafull-timearmy;thereforethearmedcitizensoldiercarriedtheresponsibilityofprotectinghiscountry.Serviceinmilitia,includingprovid
8、ingyourownammunitionandweapons,wasmandatoryforalladultmales.Yet,asearlyasthe1790s,themandatoryuniversalmilitiadutygavewaytovoluntarymiliti
