资源描述:
《Gun Culture4.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Guncultureisaculturesharedbypeopleinthegunpoliticsdebate,generallythosewhoadvocatepreservinggunrightsandwhoaregenerallyagainstmoreguncontrol.IntheUnitedStates,thetermisusedsolelytoidentifygunadvocateswhoarelegitimateandlegalownersandusersofguns,usinggunsforselfdefense,sportinguses(hunti
2、ng),andrecreationaluses(targetshooting).InplaceswherethoserightshavebeenlostsuchastheUKandAustralia,"gunculture"referstotheuseofgunsbycriminals(astheyaretheoneswhoremainarmed).AccordingtopoliticalscientistRobertSpitzer,theAmericanguncultureasitexiststodayisfoundedonthreefactors;theproli
3、ferationoffirearmssincetheearliestdaysofthenation,theconnectionbetweenpersonalownershipofweaponsandthecountry'srevolutionaryandfrontierhistory,andtheculturalmythologyregardingtheguninthefrontierandinmodernlife.Spitzerwritesthat:TwoelementsofthemodernAmericangunculturehavesurvivedsinceth
4、eearliestdaysofthecountry:thehunting/sportingethosthemilitia/frontierethosTheHunting/SportingethosemergedwhenAmericawasanagrariannationinwhichhuntingwasavaluablesourceofsupplyingfoodforsettlers,gunswereameansofprotectionfromanimalpredators,andthemarketforfurscouldprovideasourceofincome.
5、Acquiringshootingskillswasconnectedwithsurvival,andacquiringtheseskillswasa"riteofpassage"forboysenteringmanhood.Theroleofgunsasmarksofmaturitypersiststothisday.Today,huntingsurvivesasacentralcomponentofthegunculture,althoughsomepredictthat"huntingheritage"maydisappearinthetwenty-firstc
6、entury.TheMilitia/FrontierethosemergedfromearlyAmericans'dependenceontheirwitsandskilltoprotectthemselvesfromhostileNativeAmericansandforeignarmies.Survivaldependeduponeveryonecarryingaweapon(excludingblacks,andinalargepart,women).InthelateEighteenthCentury,therewasneitherthemoneynorman
7、powertomaintainafull-timearmy;thereforethearmedcitizensoldiercarriedtheresponsibilityofprotectinghiscountry.Serviceinmilitia,includingprovidingyourownammunitionandweapons,wasmandatoryforalladultmales.Yet,asearlyasthe1790s,themandatoryuniversalmilitiadutygavewaytovoluntarymiliti