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1、PartIWhatisculture?Whatdoescultureinclude?ChapterI IntroductionFromtheIntellectualPerspective2.FromtheAnthropologicPerspective3.FromtheSocialPerspective4.FromthePsychologicalPerspective5.FromtheInterculturalCommunicationPerspectiveDifferentLayersofCultureSymbols:words
2、,gestures,pictures,orobjectsthatcarryaparticularmeaningonlysharedbyaparticularcultureHeroes:persons,pastorpresent,realorfictitious,whopossesscharacteristicsthatarehighlyprizedinaculture.Rituals:collectiveactivities(waysofgreetings,payingrespecttoothers,religiousandsoc
3、ialceremonies,etc.).Values:broadtendenciesforpreferencesofcertainstateofaffairstoothers(good-evil,right-wrong,natural-unnatural).GeographicalSurroundingsandEconomicalStructureTheTraditionalValuesofChinesepeoplePartIIAnOverviewofChineseCultureReference:encloseddesert;p
4、rairieGobi,desert,Qinghai-TibetplateauYuannan-Guizhoumountainousregion;tropicalrainforestoceanGeographicalSurroundingsofChinaInfluence:ToprovidenaturaladvantagesforChineseculture1)todevelopindependently2)befreefromtheimpactofforeignculturesThus,Chinesecultureisrelativ
5、elystable,independentanddistinctive.Vastinterrain:richintheregionalcultures;toleranttoconflicts---culturalfusionandpoliticalunityRiversandvalleysdistributedevenly---facilitatetheagriculturaldevelopmentandtransportation.temperateandsubtropicalzonesprovidetheabundantnat
6、uralresourcesforthedevelopmentofagriculturaleconomy“AgriculturalcivilizationplaysadecisiveroleinformingandpromotingtheChineseculture,whichconstitutesitsfundamentaldifferencesfromWesternculture”TheEconomicalStructureofChinesecultureFarmingwasthemajormodeofproductionand
7、family,thebasicunit.e.g:encouragingfarmingbutlimitingcommerce,worshiptheland,fearfortheheavenandtheearth,Chinesetermforsociety---sheji(社稷AgricultureasEconomicFoundationafarmer’slifeisrelativelyfixed,settled,andrelaxinglypermanent---"thelackofmobility."(befreefromrisk
8、andadventure;conservatism)"attachedtoearth"and"dependentonland"(thevirtueofpatience)Directcontactwithnature--anaturalisticvi
