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1、TheSymbolsofChineseCulture——FaceTheCultureofChinaishometooneoftheworld'soldestandmostcomplexcivilizationscoveringahistoryofover5,000years.leadintroductionImportantcomponentsofChinesecultureincludes literature, music, visualarts, martialarts, cuisine,etc.Whenwe
2、thinkofculturaldifferences,themostimportantthingthatcomestomindistheChineseconceptof"Face“.it'salsooneofthemostimportantconceptsinunderstandingtheChineseMind.leadFaceForthoseofyounotwell-versedinChineseculture,thereissomethingyoushouldknowabouttheconceptofface
3、orhavingface.Face—aculturethingFaceisaconceptnothardtounderstandandfaceisverysimilartothenotionofreputation.FaceisadynamicwhichappliestobothpersonalandbusinessrelationshipsinChina.CHINESEIDIOMSABOUT“FACE”“Mencan’tlivewithoutface,treescan’tlivewithoutbark.”reny
4、aolian,shuyaopi.“Afamily’sugliness(misfortune)shouldneverbepubliclyaired”jaichoubukewaiyangDefinitionAsasociologicalconstruct,theChineseconceptoffaceisdifficulttodefine.ThefamouswriterandtranslatorLinYutang(1895–1976)evenwentsofarastosaythat“facecannotbetransl
5、atedordefined.”Hedidhowevercharacterizeditas“Abstractandintangible,itisyetthemostdelicatestandardbywhichChinesesocialintercourseisregulated.”WESTERNFACEUnlike“Westernface”–whichismoreself-orientedandindividualistic—Chinesefaceismoreother-directedandrelational.
6、Asageneralsociologicalstatement,Westernculturestendtofocusontheindividualasanindependent,self-reliantbeing.Inraisingchildren,thefocusisonhelpingthemdevelopastrongsenseofpersonalintegrityandindividuality.CHINESEFACEIncontrast,forsome4,000years,Chineseculturehas
7、downplayedconceptoftheindividual—insteademphasizingthesupremacyofthefamilyandgroup.Itwasallaboutbringinghonortoyourclan.Withtheemphasisonthecollective,thesenseofselfblurredsomuchthatitpracticallydidn'texist.Infact,individualismwasseenasimmoral.FaceHavingfaceTh
8、econceptoffacecanbelooselydescribedassomeone′ssocialstatusorreputationintheeyeofothers.ThroughoutaChineseperson′slifeitmustbemaintainedandenhancedthroughgivingtoandreceivingfromoth
