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1、TheSymbolsofChineseCulture——FaceTheCultureofChinaishometooneoftheworld'soldestandmostcomplexcivilizationscoveringahistoryofover5,000years.leadintroductionImportantcomponentsofChinesecultureincludes literature, music, visualarts, martialarts, cuisine,etc.Whenwethinkofculturaldifferences,th
2、emostimportantthingthatcomestomindistheChineseconceptof"Face“.it'salsooneofthemostimportantconceptsinunderstandingtheChineseMind.leadFaceForthoseofyounotwell-versedinChineseculture,thereissomethingyoushouldknowabouttheconceptoffaceorhavingface.Face—aculturethingFaceisaconceptnothardtounde
3、rstandandfaceisverysimilartothenotionofreputation.FaceisadynamicwhichappliestobothpersonalandbusinessrelationshipsinChina.CHINESEIDIOMSABOUT“FACE”“Mencan’tlivewithoutface,treescan’tlivewithoutbark.”renyaolian,shuyaopi.“Afamily’sugliness(misfortune)shouldneverbepubliclyaired”jaichoubukewai
4、yangDefinitionAsasociologicalconstruct,theChineseconceptoffaceisdifficulttodefine.ThefamouswriterandtranslatorLinYutang(1895–1976)evenwentsofarastosaythat“facecannotbetranslatedordefined.”Hedidhowevercharacterizeditas“Abstractandintangible,itisyetthemostdelicatestandardbywhichChinesesocia
5、lintercourseisregulated.”WESTERNFACEUnlike“Westernface”–whichismoreself-orientedandindividualistic—Chinesefaceismoreother-directedandrelational.Asageneralsociologicalstatement,Westernculturestendtofocusontheindividualasanindependent,self-reliantbeing.Inraisingchildren,thefocusisonhelpingt
6、hemdevelopastrongsenseofpersonalintegrityandindividuality.CHINESEFACEIncontrast,forsome4,000years,Chineseculturehasdownplayedconceptoftheindividual—insteademphasizingthesupremacyofthefamilyandgroup.Itwasallaboutbringinghonortoyourclan.Withtheemphasisonthecollective,thesenseofselfblurredso
7、muchthatitpracticallydidn'texist.Infact,individualismwasseenasimmoral.FaceHavingfaceTheconceptoffacecanbelooselydescribedassomeone′ssocialstatusorreputationintheeyeofothers.ThroughoutaChineseperson′slifeitmustbemaintainedandenhancedthroughgivingtoandreceivingfromoth
