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1、.组织行为学：群体决策Thebelief—characterizedbyjuries—thattwoheadsarebetterthanonehaslongbeenacceptedasabasiccomponentofNorthAmericanandmanyothercountries’legalsystems.Thebeliefhasexpandedtothepointthat,today,manydecisionsinorganizationsaremadebygroups,teams,orcommittees.在工作群体内
2、是采用个人决策还群体决策，主要取决于问题的性质。lAdvantageofGroupsIndividualandgroupdecisionseachhavetheirownsetofstrengths.Neitherisidealforallsituations.Thefollowingidentifiesthemajoradvantagesthatgroupsofferoverindividualsinthemakingofdecisions:1.Morecompleteinformationandknowledge2.Incr
3、easeddiversityofviews3.Increasedacceptanceofasolution4.IncreasedlegitimacyNorthAmericanandmanyothercapitalisticsocietiesvaluedemocraticmethods.Thegroupdecisionmakingprocessisconsistentwithdemocraticidealsand,therefore,maybeperceivedasbeingmorelegitimatethandecisionsm
4、adebyasingleperson.Whenanindividualdecisionmakerfailstoconsultwithothersbeforemakingadecision,thedecisionmaker’scompletepowercancreatetheperceptionthatthedecisionwasmadeautocraticallyandarbitrarily.lDisadvantagesofGroups1.Timeconsuming.......1.PressurestoconformAsnot
5、edpreviously,therearesocialpressuresingroups.Thedesirebygroupmemberstobeacceptedandconsideredanassettothegroupcanresultinsquashinganyovertdisagreement,thusencouragingconformityamongviewpoints.2.DominationbythefewGroupdiscussioncanbedominatedbytheoneorafewmembers.Ifth
6、isdominantcoalitioniscomposedoflow-andmedium-abilitymembers,thegroup’soveralleffectivenesswillsuffer.3.AmbiguousresponsibilityGroupmembersshareresponsibility,butwhoisactuallyaccountableforthefinaloutcome?Inanindividualdecision,itisclearwhoisresponsible.Inagroupdecisi
7、on,theresponsibilityofanysinglememberiswatereddown.Effectivenessandefficiency:whethergroupsaremoreeffectivethanindividualsdependsonthecriteriayouusefordefiningeffectiveness.Intermsofaccuracy,groupdecisionstendtobemoreaccurate.Theevidenceindicatesthat,ontheaverage,gro
8、upsmakebetterqualitydecisionsthanindividuals.However,ifdecisioneffectivenessisdefinedintermsofspeed,individualsaresuperior.Buteffec
