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1、组织行为学：群体决策Thebelief—characterizedbyjuries一thattwoheadsarebetterthanonehaslongbeenacceptedasabasiccomponentofNorthAmericanandmanyothercountries'legalsystems.Thebeliefhasexpandedtothepointthat,today,manydecisionsinorganizationsaremadebygroups,teams,orcommittees.在工作群体内是采用个人决策还群体决策，主要取决于问题的性质。。A
2、dvantageofGroupsIndividualandgroupdecisionseachhavetheirownsetofstrengths•Neitherisidealforallsituations.Thefollowingidentifiesthemajoradvantagesthatgroupsofferoverindividualsinthemakingofdecisions:1.Morecompleteinformationandknowledge2・Increaseddiversityofviews3.Increasedacceptanceofasoluti
3、on4.IncreasedlegitimacyNorthAmericanandmanyothercapitalisticsocietiesvaluedemocraticmethods.Thegroupdecisionmakingprocessisconsistentwithdemocraticidealsand,therefore,maybeperceivedasbeingmorelegitimatethandecisionsmadebyasingleperson.Whenanindividualdecisionmakerfailstoconsultwithothersbefo
4、remakingadecision,thedecisionmaker'scompletepowercancreatetheperceptionthatthedecisionwasmadeautocraticallyandarbitrarily.0DisadvantagesofGroups1•Timeconsuming2.PressurestoconformAsnotedpreviously,therearesocialpressuresingroups.Thedesirebygroupmemberstobeacceptedandconsideredanassettothegro
5、upcanresultinsquashinganyovertdisagreement,thusencouragingconformityamongviewpoints.1.DominationbythefewGroupdiscussioncanbedominatedbytheoneorafewmembers.Ifthisdominantcoalitioniscomposedoflow-andmedium-abilitymembers,thegroup'soveralleffectivenesswillsuffe匚2.AmbiguousresponsibilityGroupmem
6、bersshareresponsibility,butwhoisactuallyaccountableforthefinaloutcome?Inanindividualdecision,itisclearwhoisresponsible.Inagroupdecision,theresponsibilityofanysinglememberiswatereddown.Effectivenessandefficiency:whethergroupsaremoreeffectivethanindividualsdependsonthecriteriayouusefordefining
7、effectiveness.Intermsofaccuracy,groupdecisionstendtobemoreaccurate.Theevidenceindicatesthat,ontheaverage,groupsmakebetterqualitydecisionsthanindividuals.However,ifdecisioneffectivenessisdefinedintermsofspeed,individualsaresuperior.Buteffectivenessc
