组织行为学:群体决策

组织行为学:群体决策

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时间:2018-10-31

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1、组织行为学:群体决策Thebelief—characterizedbyjuries—thattwoheadsarebetterthanonehaslongbeenacceptedasabasiccomponentofNorthAmericanandmanyothercountries’legalsystems.Thebeliefhasexpandedtothepointthat,today,manydecisionsinorganizationsaremadebygroups,teams,orcommit

2、tees.在工作群体内是采用个人决策还群体决策,主要取决于问题的性质。lAdvantageofGroupsIndividualandgroupdecisionseachhavetheirownsetofstrengths.Neitherisidealforallsituations.Thefollowingidentifiesthemajoradvantagesthatgroupsofferoverindividualsinthemakingofdecisions:1.Morecompleteinform

3、ationandknowledge2.Increaseddiversityofviews3.Increasedacceptanceofasolution4.IncreasedlegitimacyNorthAmericanandmanyothercapitalisticsocietiesvaluedemocraticmethods.Thegroupdecisionmakingprocessisconsistentwithdemocraticidealsand,therefore,maybeperceived

4、asbeingmorelegitimatethandecisionsmadebyasingleperson.Whenanindividualdecisionmakerfailstoconsultwithothersbeforemakingadecision,thedecisionmaker’scompletepowercancreatetheperceptionthatthedecisionwasmadeautocraticallyandarbitrarily.lDisadvantagesofGroups

5、1.Timeconsuming2.PressurestoconformAsnotedpreviously,therearesocialpressuresingroups.Thedesirebygroupmemberstobeacceptedandconsideredanassettothegroupcanresultinsquashinganyovertdisagreement,thusencouragingconformityamongviewpoints.1.DominationbythefewGro

6、updiscussioncanbedominatedbytheoneorafewmembers.Ifthisdominantcoalitioniscomposedoflow-andmedium-abilitymembers,thegroup’soveralleffectivenesswillsuffer.2.AmbiguousresponsibilityGroupmembersshareresponsibility,butwhoisactuallyaccountableforthefinaloutcome

7、?Inanindividualdecision,itisclearwhoisresponsible.Inagroupdecision,theresponsibilityofanysinglememberiswatereddown.Effectivenessandefficiency:whethergroupsaremoreeffectivethanindividualsdependsonthecriteriayouusefordefiningeffectiveness.Intermsofaccuracy,

8、groupdecisionstendtobemoreaccurate.Theevidenceindicatesthat,ontheaverage,groupsmakebetterqualitydecisionsthanindividuals.However,ifdecisioneffectivenessisdefinedintermsofspeed,individualsaresuperior.Buteffectiveness

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