资源描述:
《组织行为学-群体决策》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、.组织行为学:群体决策Thebelief—characterizedbyjuries—thattwoheadsarebetterthanonehaslongbeenacceptedasabasiccomponentofNorthAmericanandmanyothercountries’legalsystems.Thebeliefhasexpandedtothepointthat,today,manydecisionsinorganizationsaremadebygroups,teams,orcommittees.在工作群体内
2、是采用个人决策还群体决策,主要取决于问题的性质。lAdvantageofGroupsIndividualandgroupdecisionseachhavetheirownsetofstrengths.Neitherisidealforallsituations.Thefollowingidentifiesthemajoradvantagesthatgroupsofferoverindividualsinthemakingofdecisions:1.Morecompleteinformationandknowledge2.Incr
3、easeddiversityofviews3.Increasedacceptanceofasolution4.IncreasedlegitimacyNorthAmericanandmanyothercapitalisticsocietiesvaluedemocraticmethods.Thegroupdecisionmakingprocessisconsistentwithdemocraticidealsand,therefore,maybeperceivedasbeingmorelegitimatethandecisionsm
4、adebyasingleperson.Whenanindividualdecisionmakerfailstoconsultwithothersbeforemakingadecision,thedecisionmaker’scompletepowercancreatetheperceptionthatthedecisionwasmadeautocraticallyandarbitrarily.lDisadvantagesofGroups1.Timeconsuming.......1.PressurestoconformAsnot
5、edpreviously,therearesocialpressuresingroups.Thedesirebygroupmemberstobeacceptedandconsideredanassettothegroupcanresultinsquashinganyovertdisagreement,thusencouragingconformityamongviewpoints.2.DominationbythefewGroupdiscussioncanbedominatedbytheoneorafewmembers.Ifth
6、isdominantcoalitioniscomposedoflow-andmedium-abilitymembers,thegroup’soveralleffectivenesswillsuffer.3.AmbiguousresponsibilityGroupmembersshareresponsibility,butwhoisactuallyaccountableforthefinaloutcome?Inanindividualdecision,itisclearwhoisresponsible.Inagroupdecisi
7、on,theresponsibilityofanysinglememberiswatereddown.Effectivenessandefficiency:whethergroupsaremoreeffectivethanindividualsdependsonthecriteriayouusefordefiningeffectiveness.Intermsofaccuracy,groupdecisionstendtobemoreaccurate.Theevidenceindicatesthat,ontheaverage,gro
8、upsmakebetterqualitydecisionsthanindividuals.However,ifdecisioneffectivenessisdefinedintermsofspeed,individualsaresuperior.Buteffec