科技英语阅读课后练习答案

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1、科技英语阅读（EST Reading）课后习题答案(2011-12-1318:37:16)转载▼标签：杂谈分类：英语天堂Unit1MathematicsPartIESTReading1.WhoisBertrandRussell?BertrandArthurWilliamRussell(b.1872–d.1970)wasaBritishphilosopher,logician,essayistandsocialcriticbestknownforhisworkinmathematicallogicandanalyticphil

2、osophy.Hismostinfluentialcontributionsincludehisdefenseoflogicism(theviewthatmathematicsisinsomeimportantsensereducibletologic),hisrefiningofthepredicatecalculusintroducedbyGottlobFrege(whichstillformsthebasisofmostcontemporarylogic),hisdefenseofneutralmonism(thevi

3、ewthattheworldconsistsofjustonetypeofsubstancethatisneitherexclusivelymentalnorexclusivelyphysical),andhistheoriesofdefinitedescriptionsandlogicalatomism.Russellisgenerallyrecognizedasoneofthefoundersofmodernanalyticphilosophy,andisregularlycreditedwithbeingoneofth

4、emostimportantlogiciansofthetwentiethcentury.2.WhatisRussell’sParadox?Russelldiscoveredtheparadoxthatbearshisnamein1901,whileworkingonhisPrinciplesofMathematics(1903).Theparadoxarisesinconnectionwiththesetofallsetsthatarenotmembersofthemselves.Suchaset,ifitexists,w

5、illbeamemberofitselfifandonlyifitisnotamemberofitself.Theparadoxissignificantsince,usingclassicallogic,allsentencesareentailedbyacontradiction.Russell'sdiscoverythuspromptedalargeamountofworkinlogic,settheory,andthephilosophyandfoundationsofmathematics.SectionCPost

6、-readingTaskReadingComprehension1.Directions:Workonyourownandfillintheblankswiththemainidea.Part1(Para.1):BriefintroductiontoRussell’sparadoxPart2(Paras.2-5):TheeffectofRussell’sparadoxonGottlobFrege’ssystem.Para.2:Russell’sparadoxdealtaheavyblowtoFrege’sattemptsto

7、developafoundationforallofmathematicsusingsymboliclogic.Para.3:AnillustrationofRussell’sparadoxintermsofsetsPara.4:Contradictionfoundintheset.Para.5:FregenoticedthedevastatingeffectofRussell’sparadoxonhissystemandinabilitytosolveit.Part3(Paras.6-8):Solutionsoffered

8、bymathematicianstoRussel’sparadoxPara.6:Russell’sownresponsetotheparadoxwithhis"theoryoftypes."Para.7:Zermelo'ssolutiontoRussell'sparadoxPara.8:W