科技英语阅读答案unit 2

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1、AppendixIReferenceAnswersUnit2PhysicsPartIESTReadingReading1SectionAPre-readingTaskWarm-upQuestions:Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whatisquantumphysics?Quantumphysicsisthestudyofthebehaviorofmatterandenergyatthemolecular,atomic,nuclear,andevens

2、mallermicroscopiclevels.Intheearly20thcentury,itwasdiscoveredthatthelawsthatgovernmacroscopicobjectsdonotfunctionthesameinsuchsmallrealms.2.Doyouknowanythingaboutdarkmatter?Darkmatterisahypothesizedformofmatterparticlethatdoesnotreflectoremitelectromagneticr

3、adiation.Theexistenceofdarkmatterisinferredfromgravitationaleffectsonvisiblematter,suchasstarsandgalaxies.Asmallpercentageofthegravitationaleffectsobservedarefromvisiblematter(someestimatesareaslowas4%oftotalgravitationaleffects).Theremaining96%ispresumedtor

4、esultfromdarkmatterordarkenergy,thoughthesetermsaresomewhatindicativeofourignoranceoftheexactnatureoftheseunknownquantities,astheyhaveneverbeendirectlyobserved.Onepossiblecandidatefordarkmatteraretheoreticalparticlesknownasweaklyinteractingmassiveparticles(W

5、IMPs),whicharebeingsearchedforbytheCryogenicDarkMatterSearch(CDMS)experiment.3.Whatisdarkenergy?Darkenergyisahypotheticalformofenergythatpermeatesspaceandexertsanegativepressure,whichwouldhavegravitationaleffectstoaccountforthedifferencesbetweenthetheoretica

6、landobservationalresultsofgravitationaleffectsonvisiblematter.Darkenergyisnotdirectlyobserved,butratherinferredfromobservationsofgravitationalinteractionsbetweenastronomicalobjects,alongwithdarkmatter.Theterm"darkenergy"wascoinedbythetheoreticalcosmologistMi

7、chaelS.Turner.4.Haveyoueverheardofthebigbangtheory?Canyougiveanaccountofit?TheBigBangisthedominant(andhighlysupported)theoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse.Inessence,thistheorystatesthattheuniversebeganfromaninitialpointorsingularitywhichhasexpandedoverbillionsofye

8、arstoformtheuniverseaswenowknowit.12In1927,RomanCatholicpriestandphysicistGeorgesLemaitreindependentlycalculatedtheFriedmansolutionandagainsuggestedthattheuniversemustbeexpanding.Thistheorywassu