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1、TheDiaphragmaticCruraandRetrocruralSpaceNormalImagingAppearance,Variants,andPathologicConditionsGuoXiaochao2010.7.22RadioGraphics2008;28:1289-1305Theretrocruralspace(RCS)isasmalltriangularregionwithinthemostinferiorposteriormediastinumborderedbythetwod
2、iaphragmaticcrura.MultiplanarimagingmodalitiesallowevaluationoftheRCSaspartofroutineexaminations.Normalstructureswithintheretrocruralregionincludetheaorta,nerves,theazygosandhemiazygosveins,thecisternachyliwiththethoracicduct,fat,andlymphnodes.Anatomic
3、ConsiderationsDiaphragmandDiaphragmaticCruraLymphNodes,CisternaChyli,andThoracicDuct52%atlymphangiography;1.7%atCT;15%–96%atMRAortaAzygosandHemiazygosVeinsParavertebralVenousPlexusvalvelessSympatheticTrunkandSplanchnicNervesCisternaChyli&ThoracicDuctPa
4、ravertebralVenousPlexusCongenitaldiaphragmaticherniaBochdalekhernia(95%)Morgagni'shernia(2%)PartialduplicationofthediaphragmDiscontinuityofthediaphragmCongenitalAnomaliesoftheIVCAnatomicVariantsandAnomaliesAbnormalitiesoftheCruraLymphadenopathyNeoplasm
5、sForegutMalformationsVascularDisordersInfammatoryConditionsInfectionsOtherAbnormalitiesAbnormalitiesoftheRCSLymphadenopathy(6mm)NeoplasmsThesecanbecategorizedaccordingtotheircelloforiginintoneurogenic,mesenchymal,germcell,andlymphoidtumors.VascularDiso
6、rdersInfammatoryConditionsRetroperitonealfbrosisSteroid-inducedretrocrurallipomatosisSpondylosisdeformansPancreaticpseudocystsInfectionsDiabetes,immunosuppression,intravenousdrugabuse,anemia,andurinarytractinfectionsConclusionsDespitethesmallareathaten
7、compassestheRCS,thereisawidevarietyofpathologicconditionswithinthisregion,whichislocatedattheposteriorconfnesoftheinferiorthoraxandupperabdomen.Anunderstandingoftheanatomy,thenormalvariants,andthemultiplepathologicconditionsaffectingthediaphragmaticcru
8、raandretrocruralstructuresfacilitatesthediagnosisofdisease.
